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how can I add more elements to the schematic for you to help me wire them
alesky666

alesky666

@copilot how can I add more elements to the schematic for you to help me wire them
1y

copilot

Adding elements to your schematic in the Flux.ai interface is a great way to play around with your design ideas. Here's a generic guide:
  1. Inside the Flux.ai interface, navigate to the component library.
  2. In the component library, browse or search for the specific component you want to use. You can specify the component by typing its name if available.
  3. Once you have found the component, drag it to the place on the schematic where you would like to add it.
  4. Release your mouse to drop the component onto the schematic.
  5. Repeat these steps until you have added all the necessary elements to your schematic.
Now that you've added the components to your project, I can help you wire, provide connections of these components. I would need you to provide the updated textual description of the project and specify which components you want to be wired together and the specific pins that need a connection.
Remember that you can always edit component values, rotate, and delete them if necessary. Use the provided tools in the editor to perform these tasks. Feel free to ask if you need more specific guidance!
1y
alesky666

alesky666

but i cant drag the component, i have found it but when i click on it, it takes me to a whole new project
1y

copilot

I apologize for any confusion you may be experiencing. Despite any issues, I can still guide you through the general procedures on Flux.ai. When you add a part on this platform, it should not redirect you to a new project
Just to clarify the usual steps - you should be able to comb through the Library for components, select one of them, and there should then be an option to integrate this component into your schematic. It should not initiate a new project. If this is not the case, there may be an internal issue.
On Flux, after you've incorporated all the necessary components, give me an updated textual summary of your project (with the new parts), and I'll provide assistance with suggestions on circuit connections.
Please remember, whenever you add a new component, you should specify its Designator (like R1 for a resistor or C1 for a capacitor), as well as the pin names of any component that will become a part of circuit connections.
1y
Someone is typing...
I need to control the speed of 4 dc motors (12V, 0.135A). For that, I have my ES...
alesky666

alesky666

@copilot I need to control the speed of 4 dc motors (12V, 0.135A). For that, I have my ESP32 dev mod, a L298N module with only one motor output, and the 4 fans.
1y

copilot

Here's what you can do, but this involves buying additional hardware:
  1. Buy three additional L298N modules. The L298N module can control up to 2 motors, and since you have 4 fans, using two L298N modules would allow you to control all 4 fans independently. Each L298N H-Bridge Module can control the speed and direction of DC motors and stepper motors and is widely available online.
  2. Connect ESP32 to these L298N modules. The L298N operates on 5V and the ESP32 operates on 3.3V, so you might need a level shifter between these two. Connect appropriate GPIOs from ESP32 to the L298N module(s). Note that each L298N module will need at least three GPIO pins from your ESP32 to control two DC motors: two for controlling direction, and one for PWM speed control. If you didn't have enough GPIO pins left on your ESP32, consider using shift registers or multiplexers as GPIO expanders.
Here is a suggestion on how to connect ESP32 with the L298N modules:
  • Connect ESP32:GPIOxx to L298N1:IN1
  • Connect ESP32:GPIOxx to L298N1:IN2
  • Connect ESP32:GPIOxx to L298N1:ENA (for first motor)
  • Connect ESP32:GPIOxx to L298N1:IN3
  • Connect ESP32:GPIOxx to L298N1:IN4
  • Connect ESP32:GPIOxx to L298N1:ENB (for second motor)
Apply the above connections for L298N2, L298N3, and L298N4 to control all the motors.
Remember to connect common grounds between ESP32, L298N modules, and your motor power supply.
The ESP32 has plenty of PWM-capable pins, so you can use almost any GPIO pin for the job.
Once connected, you can control the speed of DC motors using the PWM functionality of ESP32. PWM signal is a method for getting analog results with digital means, it stands for Pulse Width Modulation.
When a PWM signal is applied to a DC motor, its speed can vary with the duty cycle of the incoming pulse. If the duty cycle is around 10%, it means that the voltage applied to the motor will result in low speed operations. A duty cycle of around 90% will result in high-speed operations.
Please note: while L298N module is quite popular and generally useful, they are not very efficient due to their design technology. Depending on your final application, if you need to maximize battery life, minimize heat, or fit your design in a smaller place, I would recommend using a modern motor driver chip or module based on MOSFET technology, for example, modules based on chips like TB6612FNG.
1y
alesky666

alesky666

Can I connect the L298N output A to a breadboard and then, connect all the four motors parallel to this OUTA? is that possible? is that safe?
1y

copilot

Technically, you can connect all four motors in parallel to the single output of L298N, but it's not recommended and it's not safe. Here's why:
  1. Overcurrent Issue: The L298N typically supports up to 2A per channel (with some versions offering slightly more). If you connect all four motors in parallel to a single output of L298N, you'd be drawing at least 4×0.135A=0.54A4 \times 0.135A = 0.54A under no-load conditions. This current will increase when the motors are driving a load and could very easily exceed the current limit of the L298N, risking damage to the module or the motors, and potentially causing a safety hazard.
  2. Control Issue: Connecting all motors to the same output means they will all behave identically. You will not have individual control over the speed and direction of each motor, which greatly limits the functionality of your system.
  3. Power Dissipation Issue: The L298N uses bipolar transistors, which have a higher voltage drop compared to MOSFETs used in more modern driver modules. When more current is drawn (such as when multiple motors are connected), the power dissipation in the L298N will significantly increase, which can cause overheating problems if not properly managed.
For these reasons, it's strongly recommended to use a separate output for each motor if you require independent control and if the total current draw exceeds the current capacity of the L298N module.
As mentioned earlier, the best option would be to use one L298N per each motor or to use a motor driver that can safely handle the total current of all your motors if they were to run simultaneously.
1y
alesky666

alesky666

what if the four dc motors are identical Fans wich I need to behave identically, the only load they carry are the propellers of each fan, and please consider the fact that I may need them to run at 100% duty cycle. would you recomend connecting these four in parallel? or maybe two motors for each L298N output would be better?
1y

copilot

Yes, you should be able to connect identical fans in parallel to the L298N outputs if they will always be operating at the same speed and direction. Operating the fans at 100% duty cycle should not be problem, as long as the total current draw doesn't exceed the current limit of the L298N.
Your idea of connecting two motors per each output of the L298N would likely be a better configuration, as it will distribute the load more evenly and keep you further away from the current limit. Here's the mathematical explanation for this:
Each of your DC motor fans operates at 12V and draws 0.135A. So for two fans, the total current draw would be 2×0.135A=0.27A.2 \times 0.135A = 0.27A. The L298N module can supply 2A per channel. So, connecting two fans per channel won't be a problem as 0.27A is well within the safe operating limit of the L298N.
Remember to consider the power supply current as well. If all four fans are running fully loaded, they'll draw 4×0.135A=0.54A.4 \times 0.135A = 0.54A. Your power supply needs to be capable of handling this current.
Lastly, even though fans are mostly resistive loads, they can still create back-EMF. Therefore, it's a good practice to place a flyback diode across the motors to prevent potential voltage spikes that can occur when the fan turns off or changes speed.
Overall, connecting two fans to each channel of the L298N, for a total of four fans, should work well for your setup. This will give you adequate margins for safe operation, and allow your fans to run at 100% duty cycle if necessary.
1y
alesky666

alesky666

thanks a lot! now could you please explain wich GPIOs should I use for the digital signals and forthe pwm signals? list every possible GPIO that I can use so I can pick
1y

copilot

The ESP32 is very versatile with quite a few GPIO pins to choose from, and many of these can be used for PWM. Most of the digital pins can act as PWM outputs, known as channels. The ESP32 supports up to 16 channels of 16-bit PWM output.
Below are the GPIO pins generally available for use on a typical ESP32 device. Note, however, that some ESP32 boards may have certain GPIO pins dedicated to onboard devices or features. Always check the documentation for your specific ESP32 board:
Digital/GPIO Pins (PWM-capable; used for IN1-4 pins on each L298N module)
  • GPIO 2
  • GPIO 4
  • GPIO 5
  • GPIO 12
  • GPIO 13
  • GPIO 14
  • GPIO 15
  • GPIO 16
  • GPIO 17
  • GPIO 18
  • GPIO 19
  • GPIO 21
  • GPIO 22
  • GPIO 23
  • GPIO 25
  • GPIO 26
  • GPIO 27
  • GPIO 32
  • GPIO 33
  • GPIO 34 (Input only, no PWM)
  • GPIO 35 (Input only, no PWM)
Note:
  • GPIO 34 and 35 can't be used for PWM as they are input-only pins.
  • GPIO 19, 21, 22, and 23 are typically used for I2C, so you might want to avoid these if your circuit will need an I2C interface.
  • GPIO pins 6 to 11 are typically used for the flash interface and are not typically available for I/O.
  • Pins like GPIO 36 and GPIO 39, although being input-only as well, are suitable as general-purpose input pins.
You will need to configure the selected GPIO pins for PWM using the proper programming function calls in your microcontroller's firmware. In ESP32 Arduino code, for example, you can generally use the analogWrite(pin, duty) function to send a PWM signal to a particular pin.
1y
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i need to connect a 8x8x4 led matrix to : // DIN\_PIN G23 - Data In pin for MAX...
hashsah

hashsah

@copilot i need to connect a 8x8x4 led matrix to :
// DIN_PIN G23 - Data In pin for MAX7219 // CLK_PIN G18 - Clock pin for MAX7219 // CS_PIN G21 - Chip Select pin for MAX7219
1y

copilot

Sure, to connect your MAX7219-based 8x8x4 LED Matrix to the ESP32, you should reference the ESP32's GPIO pins. Here is a simple connection guide:
  1. Connect the Data-In pin DIN_PIN (the DIN_PIN on the LED Matrix) to GPIO23 (ESP1:IO23). More formally, Connect: DIN_PIN:DataIn to ESP1:IO23.
  2. Connect the Clock pin CLK_PIN (the CLK_PIN on the LED Matrix) to GPIO18 (ESP1:IO18). More formally, Connect: CLK_PIN:Clock to ESP1:IO18.
  3. Connect the Chip Select pin CS_PIN (the CS_PIN on the LED Matrix) to GPIO21 (ESP1:IO21). More formally, Connect: CS_PIN:ChipSelect to ESP1:IO21.
Also, ensure a common GND between ESP32 and the MAX7219-based 8x8x4 LED Matrix, this is important for the proper functioning of the logic levels in your system.
As your project did not originally include a MAX7219 component or an 8x8x4 LED Matrix, you should add this component to your Schematic on Flux. You could also consider using appropriate pull-up or pull-down resistors as required by your specific module.
This information presumes you're connecting to a module such as an 8x8x4 LED Matrix that uses a MAX7219 driver. If you are using a different arrangement, such as a driverless matrix of discrete LEDs or another type of driver, please adjust these instructions as appropriate.
1y
Someone is typing...
4
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ESP32-WROOM-32U Reference Design

ESP32-WROOM-32U Reference Design
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Last updated by vasy_skral
1 Contributor(s)
vasy_skral

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