Common-Emitter Amplifier Simulation

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Common-Emitter Amplifier Simulation
Using the values exactly as you specified, I simulated the stage directly as a standalone theoretical circuit, which is the recommended flow for this kind of request . I also checked the result against the usual DC operating-point rule for BJTs: if VCE<0.3 VV_{CE} < 0.3 \text{ V}, the transistor is saturated rather than in the active amplifier region .
Plot
Image

Image

Results

Table

MetricValue
Supply voltage12 V
Input10 mV amplitude, 1 kHz sine
DC base voltage728 mV
DC collector voltage48.9 mV
DC collector current11.95 mA
Collector output avg. (2-5 ms)50.7 mV
Collector output max63.37 mV
Collector output min41.58 mV
Collector output p-p21.79 mV
Input p-p20.00 mV
Voltage gain-1.0895 V/V
AC small-signal magnitude at 1 kHz0.960 V/V
Reported voltage gain
Using the transient amplitudes: Av=Vout,ppVin,pp=−21.79 mV20.00 mV=−1.0895A_v = \frac{V_{out,pp}}{V_{in,pp}} = \frac{-21.79 \text{ mV}}{20.00 \text{ mV}} = -1.0895
So the voltage gain is:
  • Gain = -1.09 V/V
  • Negative sign means the output is inverted, as expected for a common-emitter stage.
Important observation
This particular bias network does not bias the 2N2222 as a good linear amplifier. The collector sits at only 48.9 mV, so the transistor is deeply saturated, not in forward-active operation. That explains why the gain is only about -1.09 instead of a much larger negative value. That active-vs-saturated interpretation follows the standard DC operating-point check guidance .
If you want, I can next simulate a properly biased version of this same 2N2222 common-emitter amplifier and show how to get a much higher gain.
Bias it properly
Add emitter resistor
Run frequency sweep
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R1
Resistance
51kΩ
VCC
IC1
GND
VCC
TC
Capacitance
74uF
RTH
VCC
R3
Resistance
10kΩ
GND
R2
Resistance
51kΩ
CLK
J1
LED1
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555 Circuit rd1z

555 Circuit rd1z thumbnail
555 IC Turned Into A Clock Circuit. ( Astable )

Properties

Properties describe core aspects of the project.

Pricing & Availability

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Qty 1

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$0.19–$0.31

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$0.05–$0.06

Controls