• BLE Door and Window Sensor Reference Design

    BLE Door and Window Sensor Reference Design

    This project is a BLE door and window sensor design that uses a U-blox BMD-330-A-R for BLE communication, a reed switch as a sensor, a multi-color LED for status display, and is powered by VBAT. There's also a programming interface and reset switch included. #WiFi #BLE #MCU #ReferenceDesign #project #referenceDesign #simple-embedded #ublox #template #reference-design

    gsms

    4 months ago

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  • Female Maroon Battle Mech

    Female Maroon Battle Mech

    Wearable health device prototype schematic with ECG sensing via AD8232, motion sensing via BNO085 or BMI270 IMU breakout, on-board processing using TI TM4C123G LaunchPad or MSPM0G3507 LaunchPad, optional ESP8266 Wi-Fi, LiPo battery charging with MCP73831, regulated 3.3 V power from TPS63031 buck-boost or AP2112 LDO prototype option, and user interfaces including electrode connector, JST battery connector, programming header, and optional on/off switch.

    +

    U

    4 months ago

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  • Keisuke Test

    Keisuke Test

    Battery-powered 555 timer LED flasher with on/off switch, timing network, and indicator LED output for simple oscillator testing and demonstration.

    4 months ago

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  • MSR Referral Code (kNeyhb11) 2026: Get a $5 Sign-Up Bonus and Referral Rewards

    MSR Referral Code (kNeyhb11) 2026: Get a $5 Sign-Up Bonus and Referral Rewards

    If you are planning to create an MSR account in 2026, using a referral code at sign-up may unlock a small welcome bonus and can also help you earn rewards later by inviting others. This guide explains what an MSR referral code is, how to use it, and what to check before you rely on any bonus offer. What is an MSR referral code? A referral code is a short identifier tied to an existing user account. When a new user signs up and enters the code, MSR can attribute that sign-up to the referrer. Many referral programs provide an incentive such as: A sign-up bonus for the new user A referral bonus for the person who shared the code (after qualifying actions) In this article, the referral code is: kNeyhb11 What you can get in 2026 Promotions can change over time, but referral offers are commonly framed as: $5 sign-up bonus (for the new account) Additional referral rewards (when you share your code and others join) Important: The exact amount, eligibility, and timing depend on MSR’s current referral terms. Always confirm the current offer details on the official sign-up/referral page. How to use the MSR referral code (kNeyhb11) Use the code during account creation, typically in one of these places: Sign up for a new MSR account. Look for a field labeled Referral code, Promo code, or Invite code. Enter: kNeyhb11 Complete registration and follow any required steps (for example, verifying email or completing a first activity). If you already created your account, some programs do not allow retroactive referral credit, so it’s best to enter the code during sign-up. Why MSR referral bonuses sometimes don’t show up immediately Even when you enter a code correctly, bonuses can be delayed or conditional. Common reasons include: The program requires verification (email/phone/identity). The bonus posts only after a qualifying action (first purchase, first task, first transaction, etc.). Tracking may fail if you switch devices, use private browsing, or have ad/tracker blocking enabled. Your account may be ineligible due to region, duplicate accounts, or policy restrictions. Tips to make sure the referral tracks properly To reduce the chance of referral issues: Enter the code before you finish sign-up. Use one device and one browser session from start to finish. Avoid switching networks mid-sign-up (e.g., Wi‑Fi to cellular). Take a screenshot of the referral confirmation (if shown). Frequently asked questions Is the MSR referral code “kNeyhb11” free to use? Referral codes are typically free to use. You’re just linking your sign-up to someone’s invite. Can I use a referral code after I sign up? Some programs allow it within a short window, many do not. Check MSR’s referral terms or help center. Do I get the $5 instantly? Sometimes it’s instant, sometimes it’s after verification or a qualifying step. The official terms will say. Final note (best practice) Referral promotions change, and the safest approach is to confirm the current 2026 offer directly on MSR’s official referral or sign-up page. If you share that link (or the text of the terms), I can rewrite this article to match the exact conditions and wording precisely.

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  • 55% Quotex Promo Code: Shipthedeal

    55% Quotex Promo Code: Shipthedeal

    55% Free Quotex Promo and Bonus Code: shipthedeal Looking to start trading with a little extra cushion? This guide explains how the 55% free Quotex promo works, how to use the bonus code: shipthedeal, and what to check before you deposit so you know exactly what you’re getting. Quick summary (what you get) Promo: Up to 55% bonus (typically applied to an eligible deposit) Code: shipthedeal Best for: New users or anyone planning a deposit who wants added starting balance Important: Bonuses often come with terms (like minimum deposit, eligible payment methods, and withdrawal/turnover conditions) How to claim the 55% promo with code shipthedeal Sign in to your Quotex account (or create one if you’re new). Go to the Deposit / Payments section. Look for a field like “Promo code”, “Bonus code”, or “Coupon code.” Enter: shipthedeal Select your deposit amount and complete the payment. Confirm the bonus appears in your balance/transaction details. If the bonus doesn’t apply, skip to the troubleshooting section below. How the 55% bonus usually works (plain English) A deposit bonus generally adds extra trading credit on top of your deposit. For example, if the promo applies at 55%, a qualifying deposit can increase your starting balance by an additional amount. The exact calculation and eligibility rules can vary by region, payment method, or account status—so always check the promo description in your account before funding. What to check before using any promo code (so there are no surprises) Promotions commonly come with rules. Before you commit, review: Minimum deposit required to activate the 55% offer Eligible payment methods (some methods don’t qualify for bonus promos) Whether the bonus is withdrawable or is “trading credit” only Turnover/volume requirements before withdrawals (if any) Expiry window (some codes are time-limited) Country/region restrictions Troubleshooting: code shipthedeal not working? Try these quick fixes: Double-check spelling/case: shipthedeal (no spaces) Switch payment method: some promos only work on certain rails Check if you already have a different promo active: platforms often allow only one active bonus at a time Try a different deposit amount: some bonuses only trigger above a threshold Look for the “Apply bonus” toggle: sometimes you must manually enable the bonus on the deposit screen If none of those work, the most likely reasons are regional restrictions, promo expiration, or ineligibility for the specific account. Should you use a deposit bonus? A bonus can be useful if: You’re already planning to deposit and want extra starting balance You understand any withdrawal/volume conditions attached to the bonus You may want to skip it if: You want maximum flexibility to withdraw quickly The promo’s terms aren’t clear in your account FAQ Is shipthedeal a free bonus with no deposit? Usually, a “55% bonus code” is a deposit-related promotion. If there’s a no-deposit offer, it’s typically labeled explicitly as such inside the platform. Can I withdraw the bonus immediately? Often no—many bonuses require certain activity conditions first. Check the offer terms shown during deposit. Can I use shipthedeal more than once? Commonly it’s one-time per user or limited-use, but this depends on the promo rules shown in your account.

    5 months ago

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  • WiFi RF-ID lock reference design vnb3

    WiFi RF-ID lock reference design vnb3

    This project is a WiFi RF-ID Lock, which uses a Espressif ESP-8684 microcontroller for WiFi connectivity and a Handson Technology RC522 for RF-ID functionality. It also includes an OLED display and user control via a switch. A step-up power converter ensures consistent 3.3V power. #WiFi #MCU #ReferenceDesign #project #ESP8684 #lock #OLED #referenceDesign #simple-embedded #espressif #template #reference-design

    6 months ago

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  • Digital Delay Pedal S.O. (Solo)

    Digital Delay Pedal S.O. (Solo)

    MODDED Boy in Well Digital Delay Pedal (PT2399-Based Guitar Effect) w/ Self Oscillation Switch

    6 months ago

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  • starter beb1

    starter beb1

    9V Battery 1 Hz LED Blinker Using DIP-8 NE555 (THT) with SPST Switch and Reverse-Polarity Protection

    6 months ago

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  • Many Plum Transporter

    Many Plum Transporter

    9V Battery-Powered NE555 LED Flasher with SPST Switch

    8 months ago

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  • Active Three-Way Crossover on NE5532

    Active Three-Way Crossover on NE5532

    TECHNICAL ASSIGNMENT AND DESIGN GUIDE Active Three-Way Crossover on NE5532 Powered by AM4T-4815DZ and Amplifiers TPA3255 (Updated Version) 1. GENERAL PURPOSE OF THE DEVICE The goal of the development is to create an active three-way audio crossover for one channel of a loudspeaker system, working with the following drivers: LF: VISATON W250 MF: VISATON MR130 HF: Morel MDT-12 Each frequency range is amplified by a separate power amplifier: LF: TPA3255 in PBTL mode (mono) MF + HF: second TPA3255 in stereo mode (one channel for MF, the other for HF) The crossover accepts a single linear audio signal (mono) and divides it into three frequency bands: Range Frequency Range LF 0 – 650 Hz MF 650 – 2500 Hz HF 2500 Hz and above Filter type: Linkwitz–Riley 4th order (24 dB/oct) at each crossover point (650 Hz and 2500 Hz). The crossover must provide: minimal self-noise; no audible distortion in the audible range; stable operation with NE5532 at ±15 V power supply; easy adjustment of the level for each band, as well as the overall level (via the input buffer). 2. FILTER TYPES AND BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLES Each filter is implemented as two cascaded Sallen–Key 2nd order (Butterworth) stages, resulting in a final 4th order LR4 filter. Topology: non-inverting Sallen–Key, optimal for NE5532. For all stages: Cascade gain: K ≈ 1.586 This provides a Q factor of 0.707 (Butterworth), which in combination gives a Linkwitz–Riley 4th order. 3. COMPONENT VALUES FOR FILTERS 3.1 Universal Parameters RC chain capacitors: 10 nF, film capacitors, tolerance ≤ 5% Resistors: metal-film, tolerance ≤ 1% The gain of each stage is set by feedback resistors: Rf = 5.9 kΩ Rg = 10 kΩ K ≈ 1 + (Rf / Rg) ≈ 1.59 The circuit should allow for the installation of a small capacitor (10–47 pF) in parallel with Rf (footprint provided) for possible stability correction (not mandatory to install in the first revision). 3.2 650 Hz Filters (Low-frequency boundary for MF) These are used for the division between W250 and MR130. LP650 — Low-frequency Filter 2nd Order R1 = 24.9 kΩ R2 = 24.9 kΩ C1 = 10 nF C2 = 10 nF Two stages: LP650 #1 and LP650 #2. HP650 — MF High-frequency Filter 2nd Order Same values: R1 = 24.9 kΩ R2 = 24.9 kΩ C1 = 10 nF C2 = 10 nF Two stages: HP650 #1 and HP650 #2. 3.3 2500 Hz Filters (Upper boundary for MF) These are used for the division between MR130 → MDT-12. LP2500 — High-pass MF Filter R1 = 6.34 kΩ R2 = 6.34 kΩ C1 = 10 nF C2 = 10 nF Two stages: LP2500 #1 and LP2500 #2. HP2500 — High-frequency Filter Same values: R1 = 6.34 kΩ R2 = 6.34 kΩ C1 = 10 nF C2 = 10 nF Two stages: HP2500 #1 and HP2500 #2. 4. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS The NE5532 (dual op-amp, DIP-8 or SOIC-8) is used. A minimum of 4 packages (8 channels) for filters: NE5532 Function U1A, U1B LP650 #1, LP650 #2 (LF) U2A, U2B HP650 #1, HP650 #2 (Lower MF cut-off) U3A, U3B LP2500 #1, LP2500 #2 (Upper MF cut-off) U4A, U4B HP2500 #1, HP2500 #2 (HF) Additionally: U5 — input buffer / preamplifier (both channels) If necessary, an additional NE5532 (U6) for the balanced input (see section 6.2). All NE5532 should have local decoupling for power supply (see section 5.1). 5. CROSSOVER POWER SUPPLY AM4T-4815DZ DC/DC module is used: Input: 36–72 V, connected to the 48 V power supply for TPA3255 amplifiers. Output: +15 V / –15 V, up to 0.133 A per side. Maximum output capacitance: ≤ 47 µF per side (according to the datasheet). 5.1 Power Filtering Input (48 V): RC variant (simpler, acceptable for the first revision): R = 1–2 Ω / 1–2 W C = 47–100 µF (for 63 V or higher) LC variant (preferred for improved noise immunity): L = 10–22 µH C = 47–100 µF The developer may implement LC if confident in choosing the inductance and its parameters. Output +15 V and –15 V (general filtering): Electrolytic capacitor 10–22 µF per side 100 nF (X7R) per side to GND Local decoupling for NE5532 (REQUIRED): For each NE5532 package: 100 nF between +15 V and GND 100 nF between –15 V and GND Place as close as possible to the op-amp power pins (short traces). Additional local filtering for power lines: For each NE5532, decouple from the ±15 V main rails: Either 4.7–10 Ω resistor in series with +15 V and –15 V, Or ferrite bead in each rail. After this component, place local capacitors (100 nF + 1–4.7 µF) to ground. 6. INPUT TRACT: INPUTS, BUFFER, ADJUSTMENT 6.1 Unbalanced Input (RCA / Jack / Linear) The main mode is the unbalanced linear input, for example, RCA. Input tract structure: RF-filter and protection: Signal → series resistor Rin_series = 100–220 Ω After resistor — capacitor Cin_RF = 470–1000 pF to GND This forms a low-level RF filter and reduces high-frequency noise. DC-block (low-pass HP-filter): Capacitor Cin_DC = 2.2–4.7 µF film in series Resistor to ground Rin_to_GND = 47–100 kΩ Cut-off frequency — negligible in the audio range but removes DC. Input buffer / preamplifier (NE5532, U5): Non-inverting configuration. Input — after DC-block. Gain: adjustable, e.g., Rg_fixed = 10 kΩ (to GND through trimmer) Rf = 10–20 kΩ + footprint for trimmer (e.g., 20 kΩ) The gain should be in the range of 0 dB to +10…+12 dB. Possible configuration: Rg = 10 kΩ fixed Rf = 10 kΩ + 10 kΩ trimmer in series. This allows adjusting the overall level of the crossover according to the source and amplifier levels. Buffer output: A low-impedance output (after NE5532) This signal is simultaneously fed to the inputs of all filters: LP650 (LF) HP650 → LP2500 (MF) HP2500 (HF) 6.2 Balanced Input (XLR / TRS) — Optional, but laid out on the board The board should allow for a balanced input, even if it’s not used in the first revision. Implementation requirements: XLR/TRS connector (L, R, GND) or separate 3-pin header. Simple differential receiver on NE5532 (extra U6 package or use one channel of U5 if sufficient). Circuit: classic instrumentation amplifier or differential amplifier: Inputs: IN+ and IN– Output — single-ended signal of the same level (or slightly amplified), fed to DC-block and buffer (or directly to the buffer if integrated). Switching between balanced/unbalanced mode: Implement using jumpers / bridges or adapters: Either switch before the buffer, Or use two separate pads, one of which is unused. All balanced input grounds must be connected to the same AGND point as the unbalanced input to avoid ground loops. 7. LEVEL ADJUSTMENT OF BANDS (BEST METHOD) The level adjustment of each band (LOW, MID, HIGH) is required to match the sensitivity of the speakers and amplifiers. Recommended method: After each full filter (after LP650×2, MID-chain HP650×2 → LP2500×2, HP2500×2), install: A passive attenuator: Series: Rseries (0–10 kΩ, adjustable) Shunt: Rshunt to GND (10–22 kΩ, fixed or adjustable) For simplicity and reliability: Implementation on the board: For each band (LOW, MID, HIGH) provide: Pad for multi-turn trimmer 10–20 kΩ as a divider (between signal and ground) in the "level adjustment" configuration. If adjustment is not needed — install a fixed divider (two resistors) or simply use a jumper. It is preferable to use: For setup: multi-turn trimmers 10–20 kΩ, available on the top side of the board. Nominals for the initial configuration can be selected through measurements, but the PCB should have flexibility. This provides: Accurate balancing of band volumes without interfering with the filters; Flexibility for fine-tuning to the specific characteristics of the speakers. 8. INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF THE CROSSOVER (FINAL) 8.1 Inputs 1× Unbalanced linear input (RCA or 3-pin header) 1× Balanced input (XLR/TRS or 3-pin header) — optional, but space must be provided on the board. Input impedance (unbalanced after RF-filter): 22–50 kΩ. The input tract must be implemented using shielded cables. 8.2 Outputs Outputs to amplifiers: Output Signal LOW OUT After LP650×2 (LF) MID OUT After HP650×2 → LP2500×2 (MF) HIGH OUT After HP2500×2 (HF) Each output: Series resistor 100–220 Ω (prevents possible oscillations and simplifies cable management). A nearby own AGND pad (ground output), so the signal pair SIG+GND runs together. Outputs should be compactly placed on 2-pin connectors (SIG+GND) or 3-pin (SIG+GND+reserve). 9. PCB DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 9.1 Board Number of layers: 2 layers Bottom layer: solid analog ground (AGND). 9.2 Component Placement Key principles: RC chains of each filter (R1, R2, C1, C2, Rf, Rg) should form a compact "island" around the corresponding op-amp. If elements are placed too far apart, the filter will not work correctly (calculated frequency and Q will shift). Feedback tracks (Rf and Rg) should be as short and direct as possible. The AM4T-4815DZ module should be placed: Far from the input buffer, Far from the first filter stages, If necessary, make a "cutout" in the ground under it to limit noise propagation. Place the input connector, RF-filter, and buffer on one side of the board, and the output connectors on the opposite side. 9.3 Ground The entire audio circuit uses one analog ground: AGND. Connect AGND to the power ground (48 V and amplifiers) at one point ("star"). The star should be implemented as: One point/pad where: The ground of the input, The ground of the filters, The ground of the outputs, The ground of the DC/DC. Avoid long narrow "ground" jumpers — use wide polygons with a single connection point. 9.4 Placement of Output Connectors Group LOW/MID/HIGH compactly. Each should have its own GND pad nearby. Route the SIG+GND pairs as signal pairs, avoiding large loops. 10. ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS: PROTECTION, TEST POINTS 10.1 Test Points (TP) Be sure to provide test points (pads): TP_IN — crossover input (after buffer) TP_LOW — LF filter output TP_MID — MF filter output TP_HIGH — HF filter output TP_+15, TP_–15, TP_GND — power control This greatly simplifies debugging with an oscilloscope. 10.2 Power Protection On the 48 V input — it is advisable to provide: Diode/scheme for reverse polarity protection (if possible), TVS diode or varistor for voltage spikes (optional). 10.3 Possible Stability Correction Pads for small capacitors (10–47 pF) in parallel with Rf in buffers and, if necessary, in some stages — in case of stability issues (this can be not installed in the first revision, but footprints should be provided). 11. BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM) Operational Amplifiers: NE5532 — 4 pcs (filters) NE5532 — 1–2 pcs (input buffer and balanced input) Total: 5–6 NE5532 packages. Resistors (1%, metal-film): 24.9 kΩ — 8 pcs 6.34 kΩ — 8 pcs 10 kΩ — ≥ 12 pcs (feedback, buffers, etc.) 5.9 kΩ — 8 pcs 22 kΩ — 1–2 pcs (input, auxiliary chains) 47–100 kΩ — several pcs (DC-block, input) 100 kΩ — 1 pc (if needed) 100–220 Ω — 4–6 pcs (outputs, RF, protection) 4.7–10 Ω — 2 pcs for each op-amp or group of op-amps (power filtering) — quantity to be clarified during routing. Trimmer Resistors: 10–20 kΩ multi-turn — one for each band (LOW, MID, HIGH) 10–20 kΩ — 1–2 pcs for the input buffer (overall gain adjustment). Capacitors: 10 nF film — 16 pcs (RC filters) 2.2–4.7 µF film — 1–2 pcs (input DC-block) 10–22 µF electrolytic — 2–4 pcs (DC/DC outputs) 1–4.7 µF (X7R / tantalum) — 1 pc for local power filtering (optional). 100 nF ceramic X7R — 10–20 pcs (local decoupling for each op-amp) 470–1000 pF — 1–2 pcs (RF filter on the input) 10–47 pF — optional for stability correction (Rf). Power Supply: AM4T-4815DZ — 1 pc Inductor 10–22 µH (if LC filter) — 1 pc R 1–2 Ω / 1–2 W — 1 pc (if RC filter). Connectors: Input (RCA + 3-pin for internal input) Balanced (XLR/TRS or 3-pin header) Outputs LOW/MID/HIGH — 2-pin/3-pin connectors. 12. TESTING RECOMMENDATIONS 12.1 First Power-up Apply ±15 V without installed op-amps. Check with a multimeter: +15 V –15 V No short circuits in the power supply. Install the op-amps (NE5532). Apply a sine wave of 100–200 mV RMS (signal generator). Check with an oscilloscope at TP: LP650 — should pass LF and roll off everything above 650 Hz. HP650 — should roll off LF, pass everything above 650 Hz. LP2500 — should roll off above 2500 Hz. **HP250 0** — should pass everything above 2500 Hz. 12.2 Phase Check The Linkwitz–Riley 4th order should give a flat frequency response when summed at the crossover points. This can be verified with REW/Arta. 12.3 Noise Check If there is noticeable "shshsh" or whistling: Check: Grounding layout (star) Placement and filtering of AM4T-4815DZ Presence and proper installation of all 100 nF and local filters. 13. FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BEGINNERS Do not rush, build the circuit step by step: input → buffer → one filter → test, then continue. Check component values at least twice before soldering. Filters should be routed as compact "islands" around the op-amp, do not stretch R and C across the board. Always remember the rule: "The feedback trace should be as short as physically possible." Before ordering the PCB, make a "paper prototype": print at 1:1, cut it out, place real components to check everything fits.

    8 months ago

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  • #4 AI Context Consensus Processor (ACCP)

    #4 AI Context Consensus Processor (ACCP)

    PCIe Gen4 x16 Subsystem for ACCP 2U Blade: Integrated Switch, Lane Bifurcation, and SRNS Refclk with 85Ω Impedance Routing

    9 months ago

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  • Sarlls-IOT

    Sarlls-IOT

    ESP32 Automotive High-Side Switch Board with 3G Connectivity and Robust 12V Protection

    8 months ago

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  • On Air R2 Demo

    On Air R2 Demo

    Daddy's second circuit board. A sign to let my wife know when I'm on a call. Activates with a slide switch and is powered by USB-C. R2 changes: -Moving to Letter Modules for ease of design -Adding ESP32 for WiFi On/Off and intensity control -Optional: Add unpopulated AA Battery Holder for battery option R1 changes: -Changed LED part to Red LEDs -adjusted resistor value of buck converter -Changed source for USB-C Connector -Removed exposed soldermask on buck converter with negative soldermask expansion -Order with black soldermask Modified by markwu2001: Adjustable Brightness, 85-90% Drive Efficiency <5W Operation (Can use 5V 1A Plug) This project can be purchased from LCSC

    10 months ago

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  • Secret Crimson Hoverboard

    Secret Crimson Hoverboard

    Circuit Overview The circuit you're describing is a digital counter that uses an LDR (Light-Dependent Resistor) and a transistor to detect wheel rotations. The counter's output is then displayed on a seven-segment LED display. Here's a breakdown of the components and their roles: 1. Wheel Rotation Detection (LDR and Transistor) * LDR: The LDR acts as a sensor to detect changes in light intensity. You can mount it on the wheel' or near it, with a reflective or non-reflective surface attached to the wheel. As the wheel rotates, the LDR will be exposed to alternating light and dark conditions, causing its resistance to change. * Transistor: The transistor (e.g., a 2N2222 NPN BJT) is used as a switch or amplifier. The changing resistance of the LDR is used to control the base current of the transistor. When the LDR's resistance drops (more light), the transistor turns on, and when the resistance increases (less light), the transistor turns off. This converts the analog change in light into a digital ON/OFF signal (a pulse). 2. Counter (7490) * 7490 IC: This is a decade counter, meaning it can count from 0 to 9. The output of the transistor (the pulses) is fed into the clock input of the 7490. Each pulse represents one rotation of the wheel, and the 7490 increments its count accordingly. The 7490 has four outputs (Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3) that represent the BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) equivalent of the count. 3. BCD to Seven-Segment Decoder (7446) * 7446 IC: The 7446 is a BCD-to-seven-segment decoder/driver. Its job is to take the 4-bit BCD output from the 7490 and convert it into a signal that can drive a seven-segment LED display. It has seven outputs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g), each corresponding to a segment of the LED display. 4. Seven-Segment LED Display * Seven-Segment Display: This display is used to show the count. The 7446's outputs are connected to the corresponding segments of the display. 5. Power Supply and Other Components * Power Supply: A regulated DC power supply (e.g., 5V) is needed to power all the ICs and components. * Resistors: Resistors are used for current limiting (e.g., for the LDR and the LED display) and biasing the transistor. * Capacitors: A capacitor might be used for debouncing the signal from the transistor to prevent multiple counts for a single rotation. Conceptual Connections Here is a step-by-step breakdown of how the components would be connected: * LDR and Transistor: * The LDR and a current-limiting resistor are connected in series across the power supply. * The junction between the LDR and the resistor is connected to the base of the NPN transistor. * The emitter of the transistor is connected to ground. * The collector of the transistor, with a pull-up resistor, becomes the output for the pulse signal. * Transistor to 7490: * The output from the transistor's collector is connected to the clock input of the 7490 IC. * The 7490's reset pins (MR and MS) should be connected to ground for normal counting operation. * 7490 to 7446: * The BCD outputs of the 7490 (Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3) are connected to the BCD inputs of the 7446 (A, B, C, D). * 7446 to Seven-Segment Display: * The outputs of the 7446 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) are connected to the corresponding segments of the seven-segment display. * Crucially, you need to use current-limiting resistors (e.g., 330Ω) in series with each segment to protect the LEDs from high current. * The common terminal of the seven-segment display is connected to the power supply (for a common anode display) or ground (for a common cathode display). This setup creates a chain reaction: wheel rotation changes light, which changes LDR resistance, which turns the transistor on/off, generating a pulse. This pulse increments the 7490, and the 7490's output is decoded by the 7446, which then displays the count on the seven-segment LED.

    a year ago

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  • On Air R2 - Thread Enabled

    On Air R2 - Thread Enabled

    R2 w Thread changes: -Moving to Letter Modules for ease of design -Adding MGM210L for Matter on Thread On/Off and intensity control -Shifted A and R letters closer to fix Kerning -Optional: Add unpopulated AA Battery Holder for battery option R1 changes: -Changed LED part to Red LEDs -adjusted resistor value of buck converter -Changed source for USB-C Connector -Removed exposed soldermask on buck converter with negative soldermask expansion -Order with black soldermask Modified by markwu2001: - Adjustable Brightness, - 85-90% Drive Efficiency - <5W Operation (Can use 5V 1A Plug) This project can be purchased from LCSC Original Description: Daddy's second circuit board. A sign to let my wife know when I'm on a call. Activates with a slide switch and is powered by USB-C. #template #arduino-matter

    a year ago

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  • Smart Button with E-Ink display

    Smart Button with E-Ink display

    This is a Smart Button project embedded with an E-Ink display. It uses an ESP32-PICO-KIT microcontroller and a Cherry MX mechanical switch for input detection. Upon the button press, various information is displayed on the E-Ink screen. #project #Template #projectTemplate

    a year ago

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  • Smart Button with E-Ink display

    Smart Button with E-Ink display

    This is a Smart Button project embedded with an E-Ink display. It uses an ESP32-PICO-KIT microcontroller and a Cherry MX mechanical switch for input detection. Upon the button press, various information is displayed on the E-Ink screen. #project #Template #projectTemplate

    a year ago

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  • Laser 0.5 jumper board

    Laser 0.5 jumper board

    PCB jumper board to connect battery pack, button switch, and laser

    a year ago

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    0 Comments

    0 Stars


  • Smart Button with E-Ink display

    Smart Button with E-Ink display

    This is a Smart Button project embedded with an E-Ink display. It uses an ESP32-PICO-KIT microcontroller and a Cherry MX mechanical switch for input detection. Upon the button press, various information is displayed on the E-Ink screen. #project #Template #projectTemplate

    a year ago

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  • xyfP 9Qur rogF

    xyfP 9Qur rogF

    To optimize your 4-layer board manufacturing process with Seeed Studio Fusion, utilize this comprehensive template. It incorporates a majority of the essential manufacturing constraints as global rules, ensuring a smoother and more efficient production workflow. #project-template #template #manufacturer-design-rules This project is a vessel monitoring system built using Seeed Studio Xiao Sense, Xiao Expansion Board with OLED, a UART WiFi module, a normally open float switch, and a UART SIM800L cellular module. The system displays a 30-second countdown on the OLED screen, calibrates the IMU sensor, converts to Euler angles, and stores these values for comparison with future readings. It also sets up the WiFi module as an access point to configure the vessel's name, contact numbers, and angle thresholds for list and trim notifications. Reports are sent at specified times via the cellular module.

    a year ago

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  • Prepared Salmon Liquid Breathing Apparatus

    Prepared Salmon Liquid Breathing Apparatus

    This project is focused on designing a highly efficient PCB for a switching power supply using a robust selection of electronic components. Our design leverages a flyback topology featuring a ferrite transformer (options EE25 or EE33), a PWM integrated circuit (TL494, SG3525, or UC3842), and a power MOSFET (IRF840 or a similar alternative) for effective high-voltage switching. Fast and reliable rectification is ensured by using a Schottky diode (MBR20100 or FR107) along with a rectifier bridge built from four 1N4007 diodes or a dedicated 4A bridge. Key stabilization and regulation components include the TL431 reference regulator and a Zener diode for precise voltage control in critical areas. For input and output filtering, the design incorporates electrolytic capacitors (470 µF, 25 V for output and 400 V, 100 µF for input) and ceramic capacitors (ranging from 1 nF to 100 nF) to limit high-frequency noise. Additional safety and operational features are provided by an NTC (soft-start thermistor) to prevent current spikes, various resistors (from 1 Ω to 100kΩ), an optocoupler (PC817) for signal isolation, a switch, and a protection fuse. Before moving forward with a finalized PCB layout and schematic details, we need to clarify a few design choices: 1. Transformer Choice: Would you prefer using the EE25 or the EE33 ferrite transformer variant as the heart of the switching power supply design? This detailed approach ensures that the power supply not only meets rigorous performance and safety standards but also supports a reliable and scalable solution for various electronic applications. #PCBDesign #SwitchingPowerSupply #Electronics #SMPS #PowerElectronics #FlybackConverter #CircuitDesign #ElectronicsComponents

    a year ago

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  • On Air Sign [You're Holding it Wrong]

    On Air Sign [You're Holding it Wrong]

    R2 changes: -Moving to Letter Modules for ease of design -Adding ESP32 for WiFi On/Off and intensity control -Optional: Add unpopulated AA Battery Holder for battery option R1 changes: -Changed LED part to Red LEDs -adjusted resistor value of buck converter -Changed source for USB-C Connector -Removed exposed soldermask on buck converter with negative soldermask expansion -Order with black soldermask Modified by markwu2001: - Adjustable Brightness, - 85-90% Drive Efficiency - <5W Operation (Can use 5V 1A Plug) This project can be purchased from LCSC Original Description: Daddy's second circuit board. A sign to let my wife know when I'm on a call. Activates with a slide switch and is powered by USB-C. #template

    2 years ago

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  • BLE Encoder [Auto-Layout Example]

    BLE Encoder [Auto-Layout Example]

    BLE remote control board. Based on SoC ESP32-C3-MINI-1 that allows you to program it as HID volume multichannel control, you can switch channels with the user button, or use it as arrow keys. #internetOfThings

    2 years ago

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  • Chess Rank Sensor

    Chess Rank Sensor

    TODO: 7. Recheck HE switch dimensions

    2 years ago

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  • WiFi RF-ID lock reference design vnb3 n8zC

    WiFi RF-ID lock reference design vnb3 n8zC

    This project is a WiFi RF-ID Lock, which uses a Espressif ESP-8684 microcontroller for WiFi connectivity and a Handson Technology RC522 for RF-ID functionality. It also includes an OLED display and user control via a switch. A step-up power converter ensures consistent 3.3V power. #WiFi #MCU #ReferenceDesign #project #ESP8684 #lock #OLED #referenceDesign #simple-embedded #espressif #template #reference-design

    2 years ago

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