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1. Generic Resistor (1kΩ, 22Ω, 65Ω)
2. Generic Capacitor (Non-Polarized)
3. Terminal
4. 12 MHz Crystal Oscillator
5. USB-C Receptacle USB2.0
6. RP2040
7. LED_SMD
8. NPN Transistor
9. W25Q128JVSIQ
10. AMS1117-3.3
11. Generic Capacitor (Non-Polarized)

nico

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• R1, R2, R3, R4 (Generic Resistor): 4 components x 2 pins = 8 pads
• C1, C2 (Generic Capacitor): 2 components x 2 pins = 4 pads
• Y1 (12 MHz Crystal Oscillator): 1 component x 2 pins = 2 pads
• J1 (USB-C Receptacle USB2.0): 1 component x 14 pins = 14 pads
• U1 (RP2040): 1 component x 49 pins = 49 pads
• D1 (LED_SMD): 1 component x 2 pins = 2 pads
• Q1 (NPN Transistor): 1 component x 3 pins = 3 pads
• U3 (W25Q128JVSIQ): 1 component x 8 pins = 8 pads
• U2 (AMS1117-3.3): 1 component x 4 pins = 4 pads

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1. Impedance Matching: To prevent signal reflections that can cause data corruption, the impedance of the transmission line (USB cable) should be matched to the impedance of the driver and receiver. The resistors help match the impedance.
2. Signal Conditioning: The resistors can help to condition the signal by reducing signal overshoot and undershoot, which can also contribute to maintaining signal integrity.
3. ESD Protection: They can provide some level of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for the microcontroller's USB data line pins.

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• I is the current,
• V is the voltage across the resistor,
• R is the resistance.

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1. Connect VBUS from J1 to the VI pin of U2 to provide the input voltage to the regulator.
2. Connect GND pins from J1 to the GND pins of both U2 and U1 to provide a common ground reference.
3. Connect the VO pin of U2 to the IOVDD, DVDD, ADC_AVDD, and USB_VDD pins of U1 to supply the regulated 3.3V.
4. Connect the D+ and D- pins of J1 to the USB_DP and USB_DM pins of U1, respectively, for USB communication.
5. Connect the CC1 and CC2 pins of J1 through 5.1kΩ resistors to the GND to set the USB-C receptacle as a downstream-facing port (DFP). This will allow the device to be recognized as a USB host or device, depending on the design requirements.

• J1 (VBUS) -> U2 (VI)
• J1 (GND) -> U2 (GND) -> U1 (GND)
• U2 (VO) -> U1 (IOVDD, DVDD, ADC_AVDD, USB_VDD)
• J1 (D+) -> U1 (USB_DP)
• J1 (D-) -> U1 (USB_DM)
• J1 (CC1, CC2) -> 5.1kΩ resistors -> GND

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C
#include "pico/stdlib.h"

int main() {
    // Initialize the library's internal data structures
    stdio_init_all();

    // Configure the pin as an input
    gpio_init(GPIO1);

    // Set the GPIO1 to high-impedance mode
    gpio_set_dir(GPIO1, GPIO_IN);
    gpio_disable_pulls(GPIO1);

    while (1) {
        // Your main program loop
    }

    return 0;
}

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1. Connect U3:~CS to U1:GPIO17. This is the Chip Select (CS) line, it's used to activate the SPI slave (U3).
2. Connect U3:DO(IO1) to U1:GPIO16. This is the Data Output (DO) line from U3 to U1.
3. Connect U3:DI(IO0) to U1:GPIO18. This is the Data Input (DI) line from U1 to U3.
4. Connect U3:CLK to U1:GPIO19. This is the clock line, it's used to synchronize data transmission.
5. Connect U3:IO2 and U3:IO3 to U1:GPIO20 and U1:GPIO21 respectively. These are used for Quad SPI communication which can increase the data throughput.
6. Connect U3:GND and U3:VCC to the common Ground and 3.3V power rail respectively.

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• Memory Size: 128Mbit (16M x 8)
• Clock frequency: Up to 133MHz
• Interface: SPI, Quad SPI, DTR SPI
• Operating temperature range: -40°C to +85°C
• Package: 8-SOIC (0.209", 5.30mm Width)

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1. MPU-6050
   • It's a 6-axis IMU with a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope.
   • I2C interface, making it easy to connect and communicate with the RP2040.
   • Plenty of code examples and libraries are available, including for the Raspberry Pi Pico.
   • Very cost-effective.
2. Bosch BNO055
   • A 9-axis IMU that includes a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, and 3-axis magnetometer.
   • Has a built-in sensor fusion algorithm which can provide absolute orientation data.
   • I2C interface.
   • Has good library support, including a library from Adafruit which is well-documented.
   • More expensive than the MPU-6050, but the additional features might be worth it depending on your project.
3. Invensense MPU-9250
   • A 9-axis IMU with a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, and 3-axis magnetometer.
   • I2C interface.
   • There are several libraries available for this IMU, including for the Raspberry Pi Pico.
   • Cost is moderate, more than the MPU-6050 but less than the BNO055.

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• The digital IO (IOVDD), USB PHY (USB_VDD), and ADC (ADC_AVDD) will be powered directly from the 3.3V supply[7][6][5].
• The 1.1V digital core supply (DVDD) will be regulated from the 3.3V supply by the on-chip voltage regulator. The regulator output pin (VREG_VOUT) must be connected to the chip's DVDD pins off-chip[6][5].

• The on-chip voltage regulator is less efficient than an external switched-mode regulator. If you have a suitable external regulator available elsewhere in the system, or for low power applications, it might be more efficient to power the digital core (DVDD) directly from an external 1.1V supply[6].
• Small transient currents may flow in the ADC supply (ADC_AVDD) if it is powered up before, or powered down after, the digital core supply (DVDD). This will not damage the chip, but can be avoided by powering up DVDD before or at the same time as ADC_AVDD, and powering down DVDD after or at the same time as ADC_AVDD[7][8].

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• Frequency: 12 MHz
• Load capacitance: Refer to the RP2040 datasheet for the recommended load capacitance value (usually around 8-30 pF)
• Package size: Choose a package size that fits your PCB design constraints (e.g., HC-49, SMD)

• $C_L$ is the load capacitance specified by the crystal manufacturer
• $C_1$ and $C_2$ are the load capacitors connected to the crystal pins
• $C_{stray}$ is the stray capacitance of the PCB traces (usually around 2-5 pF)

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1. When you ask for "unconnected pins with functions," do you mean pins that are expected to be connected because they have a specific function, but are currently unconnected?
2. When you ask for "parts with the same designator," do you mean components in the design that have duplicate designators which could cause confusion or errors in the design?

nico

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1. Unconnected pins with functions:
   From U1 (RP2040):
   • GPIO0 to GPIO15: These are general purpose input/output pins. They can be used for a variety of functions including digital read/write, analog read, PWM, and more.
   • GPIO16 and GPIO17 are connected to LEDs and GPIO18 to GPIO29 are unconnected. These are also general purpose input/output pins.
   • The pins named QSPI_SD3, QSPI_SCLK, QSPI_SD0, QSPI_SD2, QSPI_SD1, QSPI_CSN are for Quad SPI communication, typically used for fast data transfer with devices like flash memory.
   • DVDD, IOVDD: These are power supply pins. DVDD is the core power supply, and IOVDD is the I/O power supply. These should be connected to the appropriate voltage level according to the datasheet.
   • USB_DM, USB_DP are the USB data pins. They should be connected to the corresponding pins of a USB port for USB communication.
   • The RUN pin is for resetting the microcontroller. It should be pulled high for normal operation and can be pulled low to reset the microcontroller.
   • TESTEN: This pin is usually used for testing purposes during chip manufacturing. In normal use, it's typically left unconnected or tied to ground according to the manufacturer's instructions.
   • SWCLK, SWD: These are used for Serial Wire Debug (SWD) communication. They should be connected to your debugger/programmer.
   From U2 (AMS1117-3.3):
   • TAB: This pin is usually physically connected to the GND pin and serves to help dissipate heat from the regulator. It should be connected to the ground plane of your PCB to help with heat dissipation.
   From U3 (W25Q128JVSIQ):
   • DO(IO1), IO2, DI(IO0), CLK, IO3, VCC: These pins are for communication with the flash memory. They should be connected to the corresponding pins on the microcontroller or other device that will be communicating with the flash memory.
   From Q1 (NPN Transistor):
   • B, C, E (Base, Collector, Emitter): These are the three terminals of the NPN transistor. How they should be connected depends on the use of the transistor in the circuit.
   From J1 (USB-C Receptacle USB2.0):
   • CC1, CC2: These pins are used to detect the orientation of the USB-C plug and to configure the port for USB power delivery.
   • D-, D+: These are the USB 2.0 data lines.
   • SBU1, SBU2: These are Sideband Use pins. They're used for alternate modes, like DisplayPort or Thunderbolt.
   • VBUS: This is the power pin, which provides 5V power from the USB port.
   • SHIELD: This pin should be connected to the ground to shield the USB connection from electromagnetic interference.
2. Parts with the same designator:
   • I don't see any repeated designators in the components list provided. Each component has a unique designator. If you're seeing duplicate designators in your design, it could be an error in the component list or a mistake in the design.

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1. Connect the shield pin to the PCB ground plane.
2. Use a local ground plane under the USB connector and around its traces.
3. Create a single-point connection between the local ground plane and the main ground plane to prevent ground loops.
4. Place a ferrite bead or a small-value resistor (e.g., 10 ohms) between the shield pin and the ground plane to further reduce high-frequency noise coupling.
5. Make sure the USB traces are impedance-matched, and avoid sharp bends and long traces as much as possible.
6. If possible, use a ground pour on both sides of the PCB to create a controlled impedance environment for the USB traces.

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1. Choose a standard value for R (for example, 10kΩ).
2. The value of the 2R resistors should be twice the value of R, so in this case, 2R would be 20kΩ.

• Vin is the input voltage (the voltage level of your GPIO pins, typically 3.3V for the RP2040)
• D is the decimal number equivalent of the binary number represented by the state of the GPIO pins
• n is the number of bits (in this case, 8)

nico

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nico

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nico

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1. MPU-6050: This is a popular choice for many hobbyists. It combines a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer on the same silicon die together with an onboard Digital Motion Processor™ (DMP) capable of processing complex 9-axis MotionFusion algorithms.
2. Bosch Sensortec's BNO055: This is a 9-axis absolute orientation sensor. It includes a triaxial 14-bit accelerometer, a triaxial 16-bit gyroscope with a range of ±2000 degrees per second, a triaxial geomagnetic sensor, and a 32-bit microcontroller.
3. Invensense's ICM-20948: It's a 9-axis MotionTracking device that combines a 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis compass, and a Digital Motion Processor (DMP) in a small 3x3x1mm package.
4. STMicroelectronics' LSM9DS1: It's a system-in-package featuring a 3D digital linear acceleration sensor, a 3D digital angular rate sensor, and a 3D digital magnetic sensor.

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• Power Supply: The ADC requires a power supply with a nominal voltage of 3.3V (ADC_AVDD)[5].
• GPIO Control: Each GPIO can be controlled directly by software running on the processors, or by a number of other functional blocks[3].
• Pin Mapping: The PIO controls the output level and direction of up to 32 GPIOs, and can observe their input levels. The base and count of each range are configured via each state machine's PINCTRL register[4].

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1. Connect the 5V from USB to the VI pin of the AMS1117-3.3.
2. Connect the GND pin of the AMS1117-3.3 to the GND of your circuit.
3. Connect the VO pin of the AMS1117-3.3 to the IOVDD and DVDD pins of the RP2040 to supply the 3.3V power.

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• R1 is connected between U1:USB_DP and J1:D+
• R2 is connected between U1:USB_DM and J1:D-

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• Memory Size: 128Mb (16MB)
• Operating Voltage: 2.7V to 3.6V
• Package: SOIC-8
• Interface: SPI
• Speed: 104MHz

• Memory Size: 128Mb (16MB)
• Operating Voltage: 2.7V to 3.6V
• Package: SOP-16
• Interface: SPI
• Speed: 133MHz

• W25Q128JVSIQ Datasheet
• MX25L12833FMI-10G Datasheet