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A continuación, se presenta el esquema propuesto para el sistema hidroneumático con control PWM:
Table
| Bloque | Componente | Designador | Descripción/Función | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microcontrolador | Arduino Uno | U1 | Gestiona la adquisición de señales de los sensores y el control PWM de la bomba. | Arduino Uno |
| Sensor de Presión | MPX5010 | U2 | Mide la presión en el sistema hidroneumático, generando una señal analógica proporcional. | MPX5010 |
| Sensor de Nivel de Agua | Sensor de Nivel de Agua (flotador) | S1 | Detecta si la cisterna tiene agua, generando una señal digital para evitar el encendido de la bomba cuando la cisterna está vacía. | Water Level Sensor |
| Bomba Hidropneumática | Bomba Hidroneumática | P1 | Extrae agua de la cisterna; su velocidad se regula mediante la señal PWM basada en la presión medida. | Bomba Hidroneumática |
| Driver PWM | MOSFET Driver (para control PWM de la bomba) | Q1 | Permite modular la velocidad de la bomba mediante una señal PWM del Arduino Uno. | MOSFET Driver |
| Soporte Común | Tierra (GND) | GND | Componente de referencia para unir todas las señales al mismo potencial. | GND |
El flujo de control del sistema es el siguiente:
-
Adquisición de Datos:
El Arduino Uno lee la señal analógica del MPX5010 para conocer la presión del sistema. Asimismo, se verifica el estado del sensor de nivel (Water Level Sensor) para asegurar que la cisterna tenga agua. -
Control PWM y Histéresis:
La lectura de presión se utiliza para determinar el punto en el que la bomba debe arrancar o detenerse a través de un control PWM, implementando histéresis para evitar cambios bruscos. El control PWM se gestiona mediante la salida del Arduino Uno, pasando por el MOSFET Driver para modular la bomba. -
Seguridad de Operación:
Si la señal del sensor de nivel indica ausencia de agua en la cisterna, el sistema impide la activación de la bomba, independientemente de la presión medida.
Este esquema asegura que la bomba funcione de manera adecuada, regulando su velocidad en función de la presión y protegiendo el sistema contra el funcionamiento en seco.
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