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https://cdn2.flux.ai/flux-comment-files/files/commentFileId-222b831a183b4917c1ca...
1y

copilot

To replace the LEDs with analog outputs in the existing circuit, considering the schematic you provided, you can follow these steps:
  1. LED1 (Positive Charge Indicator):
    • Remove LED1 and replace it with a resistor (R_positive) that will convert the available current to a voltage drop. Typically, a value of 1kΩ might be an appropriate starting point, depending on the desired voltage range for the analog output.
    • Connect the other side of R_positive to GND.
    • You can then take an analog voltage reading across R_positive as your "Positive Charge" indication.
  2. LED2 (Negative Charge Indicator):
    • Remove LED2 and replace it with a resistor (R_negative) with the same value used for the positive charge indicator to maintain symmetry.
    • Connect the other side of R_negative to GND.
    • The analog voltage across R_negative will serve as your "Negative Charge" indication.
Here is an example for creating analog output for the positive charge indicator:
  • Remove LED1 from T3:collector.
  • Connect a new resistor R_positive:1 to T3:collector.
  • Connect R_positive:2 to GND.
For the negative charge indicator:
  • Remove LED2 from T4:collector.
  • Connect a new resistor R_negative:1 to T4:collector.
  • Connect R_negative:2 to GND.
Please ensure that the specifications of R_positive and R_negative are suitable for your analog input requirements. You may need to adjust the resistor values depending on the maximum current your transistors T3 and T4 can sink and the voltage levels you wish to detect on your analog inputs.
Remember, the actual voltage level on the analog output will be a function of the current flowing through the resistor and the resistor's value, as given by Ohm's Law ( V = IR ). If the available current is too low for a useful voltage range, you may consider using an operational amplifier in a voltage follower configuration to buffer the signal without loading down the circuit.
Make sure to test the circuit with the new resistors in place to ensure that the analog output behaves as expected and that the voltage levels correspond to the positive and negative charge indications.
1y
https://cdn2.flux.ai/flux-comment-files/files/commentFileId-222b831a183b4917c1ca...
1y

copilot

In the circuit shown in the image, the voltage and current supplied to the LEDs labeled LED1 and LED2 are not constant but rather dependent on the behavior of the 556 timer ICs and the rest of the circuitry.
The 556 is a dual timer IC that contains two 555 timer circuits in one package. It operates in various modes like astable, monostable, and bistable mode. The configuration of external components such as resistors and capacitors define the mode and frequency of the operation. The 556 can be used to create time delays, oscillations, or as a flip-flop element.
In your circuit, both LEDs are connected to the output of transistors (T3 for LED1 and T4 for LED2). These transistors, in turn, are driven by the output of the respective 556 timers (IC1(B) for LED1 and IC1(A) for LED2). The transistors act as switches, allowing current to flow through the LEDs when they are in the "on" state.
The current through LED1 and LED2 will be switched on and off depending on the output state of the respective 556 timer ICs, which is determined by the configuration of the timers and any signals being processed by your circuit. The blinking of the LEDs suggests that the timers are set up in an astable mode, which produces a continuous square wave, causing the LEDs to turn on and off periodically.
To determine the specific voltage and current values at any given time, you would need to analyze the output timing of the 556 ICs and the characteristics of the transistors and LEDs, as well as the resistor values in series with the LEDs (which limit the current). If the design requires specific voltage and current levels or particular timing characteristics, the resistors and capacitors connected to the 556 ICs and around the LEDs may need to be adjusted accordingly.
1y
1y
3
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Past White P.K.E. Meter

Past White P.K.E. Meter
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Last updated by yusufmahan
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yusufmahan

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