Common-Emitter Amplifier Simulation

P

plantpulse

Simulate a common-emitter amplifier using the 2N2222 NPN transistor. Apply a 10mV 1kHz sine wave at the base through a 10µF coupling capacitor, with a 10kΩ/2.2kΩ voltage divider bias from a 12V supply. Use a 1kΩ collector resistor. Plot the output voltage at the collector over 5ms and report the voltage gain.

flux

Simulation complete: the collector output is centered near 50 mV, swinging roughly 41.6 mV to 63.4 mV over the 5 ms transient. The voltage gain is about −1.09 V/V — inverted, but very low because the 2N2222 is biased deep into saturation rather than the forward-active region.

Simulated collector output

F

fluxxgod

Try a 4.7kΩ collector resistor and compare gain versus headroom.

flux

I’ll rerun the same 2N2222 common-emitter transient with RC changed to 4.7kΩ, then compare gain and collector swing/headroom against the prior 1kΩ case.

flux

Processing was stopped.
Simulate resistor comparison
Calculate gain/headroom
Check active region
Plot clipping comparison
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U6
C23
Capacitance
1nF
C2
Capacitance
1nF
C4
Capacitance
1nF
U1
U3
U2
U5

esp32 power shield