copilot

1. EC12E24104A6 (Designators E1, E3, and E4):
   • It's a rotary encoder from ALPS. The user can interact with this component to change effects, tempo or volumes.
2. B3FS-4055P (Designators Key1, Key2, Key3, and Key4):
   • It's a tactile switch from Omron Electronics. The user may use these as inputs for various effects.
3. ATMEGA32U4-AU (Designator U3):
   • It's a microcontroller from Microchip. This is the main brain of the MIDI Controller where all signal processing will be done.
4. 74HC14D,653 (Designator U1 and U2):
   • It's a high-speed CMOS device from Nexperia. It mostly provides the Schmitt-trigger action.
5. SS-52400-003 (Designator USB):
   • It's a USB Type-C connector, which allows the controller to connect to a computer.

zuariansakurniawan

zuariansakurniawan

copilot

1. Power Connections:
   • Ensure all components needing power are correctly connected to the +5V net.
2. Microcontroller Connections:
   • Confirm that all relevant pins of the ATMEGA32U4-AU are connected correctly, including power, ground, and communication lines.
3. Signal Routing:
   • Check if signal paths (data, clock, etc.) are properly connected and routed.
4. Functionality of Switches and Encoders:
   • Make sure the rotary encoders (EC12E24104A6) and tactile switches (B3FS-4055P) are correctly connected to the MCU.
5. USB Connectivity:
   • Verify that the USB data lines (D+, D-) are correctly connected to the MCU and properly terminated.
6. Passive Component Values:
   • Confirm that all resistors and capacitors are of the correct values and placements are correct according to their specified nets.

• Check connections from the 5V:
  • Connect +5V:P1 to U1:VCC, U2:VCC, $U3$:VCC, and $U3$:AVCC, UVCC.
  • Make sure all capacitors (C13, C14, C15, etc.) that are connected to +5V for filtering are properly connected.
• If any +5V connections are missed for important ICs or devices, ensure they are fixed.

• Connect $U3$:VCC to +5V:P1.
• Connect $U3$:GND, UGND to the GND.

• Ensure that communication signals (SDA, SCL) are correctly connected:
  • Connect $U3$:PD0 to SCL:P1.
  • Connect $U3$:PD1 to SDA:P1.

• Encoders:
  • Check connections for ENCODER1/2/3/4 and ensure that their A/B/C pins are connected to the MCU correctly.
  • For example:
    • Connect E1:C to GND.
    • Connect E1:A to $U1$:1A.
    • Connect E1:B to $U1$:2A, and so on.
• Switches:
  • Ensure Key switches are connected properly:
    • Connect KEY1:~ to GND.
    • Connect KEY1:P1 to pull-up resistors if required and any necessary debounce circuits.

• Double-check the USB connections:
  • Connect USB:D- to $U3$:DN.
  • Connect USB:D+ to $U3$:DP.

• Verify the resistor and capacitor values:
  • Ensure resistors like $R1$ (100k), $R2$ (100k), $R8$ (4.7k) are correctly placed.
  • Ensure capacitor values like $C1$ (47pF), $C15$ (1uF) are correctly placed.

1. Ensure that you have all connections mentioned in the steps.
2. Double-check each component and its connections according to the PCB design file.
3. Simulate/check each net for any floating connections or miswiring.

• Power Connections:
  • Connect +5V:P1 to U1:VCC.
  • Connect +5V:P1 to U2:VCC.
  • Connect +5V:P1 to $U3$:AVCC, VCC, UVCC.
• Ground Connections:
  • Connect $U3$:GND, UGND to GND:P1.
  • Connect all other GND connections to GND.
• Signals:
  • Connect $U3$:PD1 to SDA:P1.
  • Connect $U3$:PD0 to SCL:P1.
• USB Signals:
  • Connect USB:D- to $U3$:D-.
  • Connect USB:D+ to $U3$:D+.

copilot

1. Power Supply (+5V): Ensure the +5V rail is properly distributed to all components needing power.
   • Connect +5V to:
     • U1:VCC
     • U2:VCC
     • U3:VCC, AVCC, UVCC, VBUSA1, VBUSA2
     • R1:P1
     • OLED1:5V
     • OLED2:5V
     • OLED3:5V
     • OLED4:5V
     • Multiple resistors, capacitors, and other components.

2. Ground (GND): Ensure the GND rail is also properly distributed.
   • Connect GND to:
     • U1:GND
     • U2:GND
     • U3:GND, UGND
     • USB:GNDA1, GNDB1, GNDA2, GNDB2, GND/SHIELD
     • Various capacitors

3. Microcontroller (U3):
   • Ensure all necessary pins are connected correctly.
   • Crystal Oscillator:
     • Connect Y1:~ to U3:XTAL1 and XTAL2, with C19 and C20 connected to ground.
   • USB Data Lines:
     • Connect USB-D+ to U3:D+.
     • Connect USB-D- to U3:D-.
   • I2C Connections for OLED displays:
     • Connect SDA net to U3:PD1.
     • Connect SCL net to U3:PD0.
   • Reset pin:
     • Connect RST net to U3:$RESET$ and ISP: RST.

4. Rotary Encoders and Keys:
   • Ensure the rotary encoders and keys are properly connected to the microcontroller.
   • For each encoder (e.g., E1):
     • Connect E1:A to U1, and B to U1, and common (C) to GND.
   • For each key (e.g., KEY1):
     • Connect KEY1:P1 to U1 and GND.
   • Ensure pull-up resistors are included where necessary.

5. Signal Routing and Buffers (U1 and U2):
   • Ensure each signal path is properly routed through the buffers and connected to the correct microcontroller pins.

6. Testing:
   • Use a multimeter to check all voltage levels and confirm connections.
   • Use an oscilloscope to check for signal integrity on the data lines.

copilot

• USB Type-C Connectivity: Utilizes a USB connector (Designator: USB) for power and data communication with a computer. The USB interface is managed by an ATmega32U4 microcontroller (U3), a popular choice for USB-enabled projects.
• Microcontroller: ATmega32U4 (Designator: U3) acts as the brain of the controller, handling USB communications, processing encoder inputs, and controlling the OLED displays. Its connections include various GPIO pins for interfacing with encoders, buttons, and displays, and USB specific pins (D+, D-, VBUS, etc.) for communication.
• Input Encoders: Four encoders (E1, E2, E3, E4) with associated nets for interfaces like A, B, and their connections to the MCU for processing the rotational input to control effects and settings.
• Tactile Buttons: Tactile buttons (Designator: KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4) for user input, allowing for effects and settings adjustment.
• OLED Displays: OLED displays (Designator: OLED1, OLED2, OLED3, OLED4) connected via SDA and SCL lines for I2C communication, showing effects, tempo, volume, and other user interface information.
• Power Supply: +5V net is extensively used throughout the PCB to power components, including the MCU, OLED displays, and external interfaces. Ground nets are also pervasive for completing the circuits.
• Filter and Decoupling Capacitors: A variety of capacitors (C1-C20) with values ranging from 47pF to 1uF for filtering and decoupling purposes. These are critical for ensuring stable operation of the digital and analog components.
• Resistors for Pull-up/Pull-down, Filtering, and Current Limiting: A selection of resistors (R1-R21) with various resistance values are used throughout the circuit for pull-up/pull-down configurations, filtering, and current limiting to protect the components.
• Communications and Programming Interfaces: In addition to USB, designated nets for SDA, SCL (I2C communication), MISO, MOSI, SCK (SPI communication for programming and data transfer), and RESET for programming and resetting the microcontroller.
• Signal Diodes for Protection and Rectification: Diodes (D1-D4) employed for protection against reverse polarity and ensuring correct power flow.
• Oscillator: A crystal oscillator (Y1) at 16 MHz provides a precise clock signal for the microcontroller, vital for timing-sensitive tasks, including USB communications and MIDI signal processing.

copilot

• Un microcontrolador $\text{ATmega32U4}$, que es popular para proyectos de interfaces USB.
• Conectores USB tipo C.
• Varias puertas lógicas $\text{74HC14D}$.
• Sensores y botones para la interacción del usuario.

fantasmano

copilot

• Pin A: Conexión al net de entrada del encoder.
• Pin B: Conexión al net de salida del encoder.
• Pin C (pines comunes): Es típicamente el pin de referencia o tierra.
• MP1 y MP2 (Push Button): Pueden estar conectados para la función de pulsador que muchas veces incluyen estos encoders.

copilot

• Incremental Encoders: These provide information about the position of the shaft by generating output signals (often called channels or phases) as the shaft is rotated.
• Absolute Encoders: These provide a unique position value from the moment they are powered on.

• Channel A (e.g., ENCODER1_A): This signal changes state (from high to low or low to high) as the encoder shaft is turned.
• Channel B (ENCODER1_B): This signal also changes state as the shaft is turned but is 90 degrees out of phase with Channel A.

• Detect the transitions of Channel A and Channel B.
• Determine the direction of rotation based on the order of transitions.
• Count the number of transitions to measure the amount of rotation.

• Connect E1 to ENCODER1_A.
• Connect ENCODER1_A to the microcontroller pin U3 (as per Net (U1 – 1Y)).

copilot

1. ATMEGA32U4 Microcontroller (U3): This is the central processing element. It handles MIDI data processing and USB-C communication.
2. Rotary Encoders (E1, E2, E3, E4): These are inputs that user can turn to manipulate effects, speed, or volume.
3. Switches (KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4): These are additional user inputs, probably used to select or enable specific effects.
4. OLED Displays (OLED1, OLED2, OLED3, OLED4): These small displays likely provide visual feedback showcasing the currently selected effects, speed and volume levels.
5. 74HC14 Hex Schmitt-Trigger Inverters (U1, U2): These could be used for signal conditioning, perhaps to debounce the encoders and switches.
6. Diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4): These are likely used for protection against reverse polarities or transient voltages.
7. Resistors and Capacitors: These are used for various purposes like filter circuits, pull-ups, debouncing etc.
8. Crystal Oscillator (Y1): This is used for providing a stable clock signal to the ATMEGA32U4 microcontroller.

roseline364002

copilot

copilot

tahirkhang

copilot

• 26 I/O lines
• 12-channel 10-bit ADC
• 4 PWM channels
• A full-speed USB 2.0 low-power device

tahirkhang

copilot

1. ATmega32U4 microcontroller, for the main computation and signals generation.
2. Oscillator: To provide the clock signal to the microcontroller. A crystal oscillator of 16MHz is commonly used.
3. Capacitors and Resistors: Necessary for debouncing the switches, and setting up the oscillator.
4. Encoders for effects (A and B), tempo, and volume control.
5. USB type-C connector for power supply and data transfer to the computer.
6. Several Buttons for user interaction.
7. LEDs or OLED displays for user feedback.

1. Connect VCC and GND pins of ATmega32U4 to the power supply (+5V and ground respectively).
2. Connect the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins of the ATmega32U4 to the oscillator, and place two capacitors (typically 22pF) from these pins to ground for stability.
3. The encoders (effects A and B, tempo, and volume controls) would be connected directly to the I/O pins of the ATmega32U4.
4. The buttons would each be connected to an I/O pin on the ATmega32U4, and would also need pull-up or pull-down resistors to establish a known state when the button is not being pressed.
5. A pull-up resistor would also be connected to HWB/PE2 pin to disable hardware boot loading and start the MCU normally.
6. For the USB connection, the DP and DM lines would be connected directly to the D+ and D- pins of the USB Type-C connector.
7. If you're using OLEDs for display, you would connect the SCK and SDA pins to corresponding pins on the ATmega32U4 microcontroller, merely ensuring they support I2C protocol.

tahirkhang

copilot

1. Connect power to the microcontroller.
   • Connect VCC pin to a +5V power supply.
   • Connect GND pin to the ground of your power supply.
   • Connect AVCC pin to a +5V power supply.
   • Connect AGND pin to the ground of your power supply.
   • Add a 100nF decoupling capacitor close to the VCC and GND pins.
2. Connect a 16MHz Crystal Oscillator.
   • Connect the crystal oscillator between XTAL1 and XTAL2.
   • Connect one pin of the crystal to XTAL1 and the other pin to XTAL2.
   • Connect two 22pF capacitors. Each capacitor is connected to the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins respectively and then to the ground.
3. Implement a reset button.
   • A 10KΩ resistor could connect the RESET pin to VCC.
   • A momentary push button switch should connect the RESET pin to GND. When pressed, this will force a reset.
4. Implement USB communication.
   • Connect the D- and D+ pins to your USB data lines.
   • Place a 22Ω resistor between each data line (D-, D+) and the corresponding microcontroller pin.
5. For firmware updating, you could add an In-System Programming (ISP) header.
   • The ISP header often includes connections to MISO, MOSI, SCK, RESET, VCC, GND.

copilot

copilot

d4kine

copilot

1. Signal Conditioning: Rotary encoders can produce noisy signals due to mechanical bouncing or other interferences. The Schmitt-Trigger circuit helps clean up these signals by providing hysteresis, which ensures a clear transition between high and low states.
2. Debouncing: The mechanical nature of encoders can result in bouncing, causing multiple unwanted transitions for a single turn or press. By using the Schmitt-Trigger Inverter $U1$ and $U2$, the circuit can effectively debounce these signals, providing a steady output for each encoder step.

• The Schmitt-Trigger inputs are connected to the rotary encoders' outputs. For instance, in $U1$, inputs like 1A, 2A, 3A, etc., are connected to various encoder outputs such as $ENCODER1_A$, $ENCODER1_B$, etc.
• Corresponding outputs 1Y, 2Y, etc., then provide debounced signals to the microcontroller or subsequent circuit stages.

d4kine

copilot

1. Voltage Divider: Potentiometers are often used as voltage dividers that provide a variable voltage output correlating with the wiper's position.
2. Filtering: Instead of using inverters, you might add a low-pass filter to smooth out any high-frequency noise or potential minor variations in the potentiometer's output.
3. ADC Connection: A potentiometer output can be connected directly to the analog input of a microcontroller's ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) channel to read the variable voltage.
4. Buffering: If the signal from a potentiometer needs to be isolated or requires current amplification, an operational amplifier might be used to buffer the output.