Diseño PCB Transmisor FPV

3xploit666

3xploit666

Estoy diseñando el PCB del transmisor (TX) de un sistema DIY FPV Head Tracker basado en el proyecto open-source de RCMakerLab (rcpano.net). El TX se monta en las gafas FPV del piloto: lee los movimientos de la cabeza con un IMU y los transmite por radio a 2.4GHz al receptor que mueve dos servos de un gimbal en el modelo RC.
Necesito ayuda para [REEMPLAZAR: dibujar el schematic / generar netlist / hacer el layout / explicar conexiones / etc.].
Especificaciones del sistema
  • Función: TX de head tracker FPV de 2 ejes (pitch + yaw)
  • Microcontrolador: Arduino Pro Micro (ATmega32U4) — variante 3.3V / 8MHz
  • Sensor IMU: MPU6050 (módulo GY-521, 6 ejes, comunicación I2C)
  • Radio: NRF24L01 + PA + LNA (módulo E01-2G4M27D, 500mW, antena externa SMA)
  • Alimentación: batería externa (5–12V DC) → regulada a 3.3V
  • Protocolo wireless: NRF24, canal 120, 250 Kbps
  • Datos transmitidos: packet de 3 bytes {byte pitch, byte yaw, bool calibrationDone}, retransmitido 3x por ciclo

Lista de componentes (BOM)

RefComponenteValor / ModeloEncapsuladoCantidad
U1Arduino Pro Micro 3.3V/8MHzATmega32U4Módulo through-hole 24 pines (2x12)1
U2MPU6050 IMUGY-521 moduleMódulo 8 pines header 2.54mm1
U3NRF24L01 PA+LNAE01-2G4M27DMódulo 8 pines (2x4) header 2.54mm1
IC1Regulador ajustableLM350T (3A)TO-2201
D1Diodo protección polaridad1N4002DO-411
R1Resistor divisor LM350360Ω, 1/4W, 1%Axial 0.25W o 0805 SMD1
R2Resistor divisor LM350680Ω, 1/4W, 1%Axial 0.25W o 0805 SMD1
C1Capacitor filtro entrada100nF (0.1µF) cerámicoAxial o 0805 SMD1
C2Capacitor bulk salida + bypass NRF24100µF / 16V electrolíticoRadial THT 5mm1
J1Conector entrada bateríaJST-PH 2 pinesTHT1
Bloque de potencia (LM350 ajustable)
Configuración del LM350 para sacar ~3.6V desde Vin (5–12V):
Vin (5-12V) ──► [Diodo 1N4002] ──► [LM350 IN]
                                       │
                  [LM350 OUT] ──┬──► +3.3V rail
                               │
                       [R1 360Ω]
                               │
                  [LM350 ADJ] ─┼──► [R2 680Ω] ──► GND
                               │
                          [C2 100µF] ──► GND  (bypass output, también sirve al NRF24)

  [C1 100nF] entre Vin (después del diodo) y GND  → filtro de entrada
Cálculo Vout: Vout = 1.25 × (1 + R2/R1) = 1.25 × (1 + 680/360) ≈ 3.61V
Conexiones lógicas (netlist)

MPU6050 (U2) ↔ Pro Micro (U1) — bus I2C

MPU6050 pin→Pro Micro pinFunción
VCC→VCC (+3.3V)Alimentación
GND→GNDTierra
SDA→Pin 2I2C SDA (hardware)
SCL→Pin 3I2C SCL (hardware)
INT→NCNo conectado
AD0→NCNo conectado (queda en LOW = address 0x68)
XCL→NCNo conectado
XDA→NCNo conectado

NRF24L01 PA+LNA (U3) ↔ Pro Micro (U1) — bus SPI

NRF24 pin→Pro Micro pinFunción
VCC→+3.3V (desde LM350)Alimentación (CRÍTICO: cap 100µF cercano)
GND→GNDTierra
CE→Pin 9Chip Enable (RF on/off)
CSN→Pin 10SPI Chip Select
SCK→Pin 15SPI Clock (hardware)
MOSI→Pin 16SPI MOSI (hardware)
MISO→Pin 14SPI MISO (hardware)
IRQ→NCNo conectado

Conector de alimentación (J1)

J1 pin→Conexión
Pin 1 (+)→Ánodo del diodo D1
Pin 2 (−)→GND
Reglas críticas de diseño (RF + power integrity)
⚠️ NO ignorar estas reglas si el AI va a hacer ruteo o placement:
  1. C2 (100µF) DEBE estar a menos de 5mm del pin VCC del NRF24. El NRF24+PA tira picos de 115mA durante TX; sin este cap cerca, el módulo se resetea o transmite basura.
  2. Agregar un capacitor adicional de 100nF (no listado en BOM original) en paralelo con C2 cerca del NRF24. El 100µF maneja transientes lentos, el 100nF maneja los rápidos.
  3. Plano de tierra (GND) sólido y continuo debajo del NRF24 y MPU6050. Sin vías que lo perforen en esos bloques.
  4. Traza de antena del NRF24: lo más corta y recta posible, sin vías, ancho ~0.4mm en FR4 estándar (impedancia 50Ω aproximada). Si el módulo lleva conector SMA, ruteala directo al borde de la placa.
  5. Trazas de alimentación (VCC y GND): ancho mínimo 0.6mm desde el LM350 al NRF24 (corriente alta).
  6. Trazas SPI (SCK/MOSI/MISO/CE/CSN): longitud razonablemente uniforme, separación 3W del plano de RF.
  7. Trazas I2C (SDA/SCL): cortas, sin vías innecesarias. Pull-ups internos del Pro Micro alcanzan para cables cortos.
  8. El LM350 a 3.6V con Vin=12V disipa: (12 - 3.6) × Imax ≈ 8.4 × 0.15 ≈ 1.26W → agregá disipador o pad térmico amplio en la PCB.
11h

flux

0:13

Puedo ayudarte, pero necesito que reemplaces el texto entre corchetes por la acción concreta: por ejemplo “dibujar el schematic”, “generar netlist”, “hacer el layout”, “revisar reglas RF/power” o “explicar conexiones”.
Como además no tienes permiso de edición sobre este proyecto publicado, si quieres construir este TX en tu propia copia puedo darte un enlace para crear/forkear un proyecto nuevo con estas especificaciones.
Dibujar schematic
Generar netlist
Hacer layout RF
Revisar diseño
Explicar conexiones
11h
Sign up to send
D15 (SPI SCK)
5V Power (DC in/out)
D2 (2C SDA)
A7/D6 (PWM)
7-12V Power (DC)
A10/D10 (PWM)
A1/D19
GND
A8/D8
GND
D16 (SPI MOSI)
D5 (PWM)
GND
A2/D20
TX (D1)
RX (D0)
D14 (PWM SPI MISO)
A0/D18
D7
D3(I2C SCL PWM)
Reset Input
A6/D4
A9/D9 (PWM)
A3/D21
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    A generic fixed capacitor ideal for rapid circuit topology development. You can choose between polarized and non-polarized types, its symbol and the footprint will automatically adapt based on your selection. Supported options include standard SMD sizes for ceramic capacitors (e.g., 0402, 0603, 0805), SMD sizes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and through-hole footprints for polarized capacitors. Save precious design time by seamlessly add more information to this part (value, footprint, etc.) as it becomes available. Standard capacitor values: 1.0pF, 10pF, 100pF, 1000pF, 0.01uF, 0.1uF, 1.0uF, 10uF, 100uF, 1000uF, 10000uF 1.1pF, 11pF, 110pF, 1100pF 1.2pF, 12pF, 120pF, 1200pF 1.3pF, 13pF, 130pF, 1300pF 1.5pF, 15pF, 150pF, 1500pF, 0.015uF, 0.15uF, 1.5uF, 15uF, 150uF, 1500uF 1.6pF, 16pF, 160pF, 1600pF 1.8pF, 18pF, 180pF, 1800pF 2.0pF, 20pF, 200pF, 2000pF 2.2pF, 22pF, 220pF, 2200pF, 0.022uF, 0.22uF, 2.2uF, 22uF, 220uF, 2200uF 2.4pF, 24pF, 240pF, 2400pF 2.7pF, 27pF, 270pF, 2700pF 3.0pF, 30pF, 300pF, 3000pF 3.3pF, 33pF, 330pF, 3300pF, 0.033uF, 0.33uF, 3.3uF, 33uF, 330uF, 3300uF 3.6pF, 36pF, 360pF, 3600pF 3.9pF, 39pF, 390pF, 3900pF 4.3pF, 43pF, 430pF, 4300pF 4.7pF, 47pF, 470pF, 4700pF, 0.047uF, 0.47uF, 4.7uF, 47uF, 470uF, 4700uF 5.1pF, 51pF, 510pF, 5100pF 5.6pF, 56pF, 560pF, 5600pF 6.2pF, 62pF, 620pF, 6200pF 6.8pF, 68pF, 680pF, 6800pF, 0.068uF, 0.68uF, 6.8uF, 68uF, 680uF, 6800uF 7.5pF, 75pF, 750pF, 7500pF 8.2pF, 82pF, 820pF, 8200pF 9.1pF, 91pF, 910pF, 9100pF #generics #CommonPartsLibrary
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Arduino Pro Micro

The Micro is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32U4 (datasheet), developed in conjunction with Adafruit. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a micro USB cable to get started. It has a form factor that enables it to be easily placed on a breadboard.
The Micro board is similar to the Arduino Leonardo in that the ATmega32U4 has built-in USB communication, eliminating the need for a secondary processor. This allows the Micro to appear to a connected computer as a mouse and keyboard, in addition to a virtual (CDC) serial / COM port.

Properties

Properties describe core aspects of the project.

Pricing & Availability

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