DIY BMS using ATTINY841-SSU. This has a higher balance current, fuse and TVS diode to help with voltage spikes.
Most importantly, an external crystal to the micro controller (attiny841) which means the device is more reliable in low voltage situations
Low-voltage monitoring circuit for a nominal 24V DC input. The TL431 threshold detector and BC547B driver activate a 5V active buzzer when PLUS drops below about 19.5V.
Automated NiCad battery tester for calibration lab. Tests all 12 cells of a meter's battery pack in situ (no disconnect) under a 150
▎ Ω / 15-min timed load. Per-cell measurement via 13 pogo contacts (7 rail + 6 V-gap junctions) into 4× ADS1115 over I²C. ESP32-S3 controls a logic-level MOSFET for load
▎ switching. Wirelessly prints PCL5 reports to an HP printer and ZPL labels to a Zebra. Production target: 10–12 units. Bench rig already validated; this is the production PCB.