Conexión de Sensores y Actuadores

flux

0:37

Sí. Para hacerlo en papel, lo más útil es olvidarte de nets y Flux por un momento y escribirlo como “pin -> pin” y por bloques. Para este tipo de circuito, conviene separar alimentación, entradas, control y salidas y describir lo que realmente vas a dibujar de forma concreta . También, cuando conviertes una idea o imagen a circuito, es mejor pasarla a una lista específica de conexiones antes de dibujarla .
Conexionado en papel del proyecto domótico completo 1. Alimentación
Dibujá primero estas líneas generales:
  • Fuente +5 V -> pin VIN/5V del ESP32
  • Fuente GND -> pin GND del ESP32
Capacitores
  • C1 100 nF entre 3V3 y GND
  • C2 10 µF entre 3V3 y GND
  • C3 47 µF entre +5V y GND
2. Selector manual / automático
  • 3V3 del ESP32 -> una pata de SW1
  • otra pata de SW1 -> GPIO23
  • GPIO23 -> R3 10 kΩ -> GND
Eso te deja:
  • switch cerrado = modo alto
  • switch abierto = modo bajo
3. Sensor PIR
  • VCC del PIR -> 3V3 o VCC del módulo
  • GND del PIR -> GND
  • OUT del PIR -> GPIO18 del ESP32
4. Sensor de presencia RCWL-0516
  • VCC del RCWL -> +5V
  • GND del RCWL -> GND
  • OUT del RCWL -> GPIO19 del ESP32
5. Sensor de luz LDR
Acá hacés un divisor:
  • 3V3 -> una pata de la LDR
  • otra pata de la LDR -> nodo LDR_SENSE
  • LDR_SENSE -> GPIO34 del ESP32
  • LDR_SENSE -> R5 10 kΩ -> GND
6. Sensor de gas MQ-2
  • VCC del MQ-2 -> +5V
  • GND del MQ-2 -> GND
  • DO del MQ-2 -> GPIO27
  • AO del MQ-2 -> GPIO35
7. Cooler DC de 2 hilos
Esta parte ya quedó implementada como salida con MOSFET, con control desde GPIO y diodo flyback, que es una estructura válida y concreta de salida de potencia para el proyecto .
Control del cooler
  • GPIO25 del ESP32 -> R1 100 Ω
  • salida de R1 -> Gate de Q1
  • Gate de Q1 -> R2 10 kΩ -> GND
Potencia del cooler
  • Source de Q1 -> GND
  • Drain de Q1 -> negativo del cooler
  • positivo del cooler -> +5V
Diodo
  • cátodo de D1 -> +5V
  • ánodo de D1 -> negativo del cooler
8. Luz 1
Si la vas a manejar igual que el cooler con MOSFET:
  • GPIO16 -> R6 100 Ω
  • salida de R6 -> Gate de Q2
  • Gate de Q2 -> R7 10 kΩ -> GND
  • Source de Q2 -> GND
  • Drain de Q2 -> negativo de Luz 1
  • positivo de Luz 1 -> +V de carga
  • diodo en paralelo si la carga es inductiva
9. Luz 2
  • GPIO17 -> R8 100 Ω
  • salida de R8 -> Gate de Q3
  • Gate de Q3 -> R9 10 kΩ -> GND
  • Source de Q3 -> GND
  • Drain de Q3 -> negativo de Luz 2
  • positivo de Luz 2 -> +V de carga
10. Luz 3
  • GPIO5 -> R10 100 Ω
  • salida de R10 -> Gate de Q4
  • Gate de Q4 -> R11 10 kΩ -> GND
  • Source de Q4 -> GND
  • Drain de Q4 -> negativo de Luz 3
  • positivo de Luz 3 -> +V de carga
11. Alarma
  • GPIO26 -> R12 100 Ω
  • salida de R12 -> Gate de Q5
  • Gate de Q5 -> R13 10 kΩ -> GND
  • Source de Q5 -> GND
  • Drain de Q5 -> negativo de alarma
  • positivo de alarma -> +V de carga
12. Alerta
  • GPIO33 -> R14 100 Ω
  • salida de R14 -> Gate de Q6
  • Gate de Q6 -> R15 10 kΩ -> GND
  • Source de Q6 -> GND
  • Drain de Q6 -> negativo de alerta
  • positivo de alerta -> +V de carga

Tabla rápida para copiar en papel

FunciónDesdeHacia
Alimentación ESP32+5 VVIN/5V
Masa ESP32GNDGND
Selector modo3V3SW1
Selector modoSW1GPIO23
Pull-down modoGPIO23R3 10 kΩ a GND
PIR salidaOUT PIRGPIO18
RCWL salidaOUT RCWLGPIO19
LDR lecturanodo LDR_SENSEGPIO34
MQ-2 digitalDOGPIO27
MQ-2 analógicoAOGPIO35
Cooler controlGPIO25R1 -> Gate Q1
Cooler cargaDrain Q1negativo cooler
Cooler positivo+5 Vpositivo cooler
Luz 1 controlGPIO16R6 -> Gate Q2
Luz 2 controlGPIO17R8 -> Gate Q3
Luz 3 controlGPIO5R10 -> Gate Q4
Alarma controlGPIO26R12 -> Gate Q5
Alerta controlGPIO33R14 -> Gate Q6
Orden para dibujarlo en hoja
Te recomiendo este orden:
  1. dibujá el ESP32 en el centro
  2. arriba dibujá +5V, 3V3 y GND
  3. a la izquierda dibujá entradas:
  4. a la derecha dibujá salidas:
    • cooler
    • luz 1
    • luz 2
    • luz 3
    • alarma
    • alerta
  5. abajo dibujá los MOSFET con sus resistencias
Ese enfoque por subsistemas y flujo de señal es justo la forma recomendada de explicar y plasmar un proyecto completo .
Importante
  • Todo GND debe estar unido.
  • Si un sensor entrega 5 V en su salida, no conviene meterlo directo al GPIO del ESP32 sin adaptar nivel.
  • El cooler y cargas no van directo al ESP32: van por MOSFET.
Si querés, ahora te lo hago todavía más fácil: te lo puedo pasar como “esquemático textual prolijo para copiar tal cual en una hoja”, en bloque único, tipo apunte escolar.
Pasalo en apunte
Versión más simple
Orden de dibujo
21 days
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ESP32 Domotic Cooler Control

ESP32 Domotic Cooler Control thumbnail
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Properties describe core aspects of the project.

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