Control de 12V con ESP32

flux

Aquí tienes un esquema sugerido para usar el ESP32-WROOM-32 y el PC817 para que el ESP32 actúe como interruptor que controla el paso (ON/OFF) de una salida de 12 V aislada:
Lado de entrada (bajo voltaje – ESP32 y LED del optoacoplador):
  1. Conecta un pin digital de salida del ESP32 (por ejemplo, GPIO5) a través de un resistor limitador de corriente (R1).
    • Sugerencia de R1: ~220 Ω
    • Cálculo aproximado: Con 3.3 V desde el ESP32, considerando una caída de aproximadamente 1.2 V en el LED del PC817 y buscando unos 10 mA de corriente, (3.3 V – 1.2 V) / 10 mA ≈ 210 Ω (se usa el valor estándar de 220 Ω).
  2. Conecta el otro extremo de R1 al ánodo del LED del PC817.
  3. Conecta el cátodo del LED del PC817 al GND del ESP32 (usa el componente Ground).
Lado de salida (alta tensión – conmutación de 12 V):
  1. Usa la pareja fototransistor del PC817 para aislar la carga de 12 V:
    • Conecta el emisor del fototransistor al GND común (asegúrate de que el lado de 12 V y el ESP32 compartan tierra si se requiere la conmutación de forma “low side”).
    • Conecta el colector del fototransistor al terminal negativo de la carga.
  2. Conecta el terminal positivo de la carga directamente al +12 V.
  3. (Opcional) Para asegurar niveles adecuados, se puede agregar un resistor de pull‑up (R2) entre el colector del fototransistor y el +12 V.
    • Sugerencia de R2: ~10 kΩ
Resumen del funcionamiento:
  • Cuando el ESP32 pone en alto el pin de salida, se enciende el LED del PC817 a través de R1.
  • El fototransistor del PC817 se activa, conectando el colector (y con ello la carga) al GND.
  • Esto cierra el circuito de la carga que tiene el +12 V en su otro terminal, permitiendo que la carga se alimente.
  • Cuando el pin del ESP32 está en bajo, el LED está apagado, el fototransistor no conduce y la carga queda desconectada o en estado "apagado".
Notas adicionales:
  • Asegúrate de que la carga a conmutar no supere la capacidad de corriente del fototransistor del PC817. Si la carga requiere más corriente, se recomienda usar la salida del PC817 para accionar un transistor o MOSFET que maneje de forma segura la conmutación de 12 V.
  • Verifica que exista un común GND si se requiere compartir referencia entre el ESP32 y el circuito de 12 V, o bien proporciona el aislamiento adecuado según la aplicación.
Puedes usar el botón "Apply changes" para aplicar estas sugerencias al esquemático de tu proyecto en Flux. ¿Te gustaría ajustar algún parámetro o agregar algún componente adicional (por ejemplo, un transistor de potencia) según las características de la carga?
Verify component values.
Use MOSFET switch.
PWM control guide.
No schematic yet

Talk to Flux to get started.

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