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  • Generic Resistor
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  • Generic Inductor
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  • RMCF0805JT47K0
    47 kOhms ±5% 0.125W, 1/8W Chip Resistor 0805 (2012 Metric) Automotive AEC-Q200 Thick Film #forLedBlink
  • 875105359001
    10uF Capacitor Aluminum Polymer 20% 16V SMD 5x5.3mm #forLedBlink #commonpartslibrary #capacitor #aluminumpolymer #radialcan
  • CTL1206FYW1T
    Yellow 595nm LED Indication - Discrete 1.7V 1206 (3216 Metric) #forLedBlink
D
S
G

IRF540NSTRLPBF

IRF540NSTRLPBF
Description

Created
November 18th 2022
Last updated by jharwinbarrozo
a month ago
1 Contributor(s)
jharwinbarrozo

Controls

Properties

Part Type
Transistor
Manufacturer Part Number
IRF540NSTRLPBF
Manufacturer Name
Designator Prefix
Q

Availability & Pricing

DPNStockQty 1
35.6K–28K$0.66261–$1.77
18.8K$1.76
12174–20K$0.5194–$1.2875
40–12K$0.4911–$1.6001
20–6.3K$0.4668–$3.5892

Assets

Simulation

µs

Simulation Speed

can you update the code to have the following: an output pin that will output t...
@copilot can you update the code to have the following: an output pin that will output the "pulse sequence" to make the mosfet gate driver do the same "pulse sequence". also, the switch named "RESET" is supposed to connect the reset pin on the esp32 to ground to make it go low in case i need to reset it for any reason.
3mo
To update your project with an output pin for a pulse sequence and a switch for resetting the ESP32, let's go over the necessary changes:
  1. Output Pin for Pulse Sequence:
    • This output will be used to control the gate of the MOSFET in a pulse pattern. You need to designate a GPIO pin on your controller (assuming you are using a microcontroller like the ESP32) for this purpose.
  2. Switch for Reset:
    • Add a switch that connects the reset pin of the ESP32 to ground.
With these requirements in mind, here's how you can implement these changes:
Steps to Update the Schematic:
  1. Pulse Sequence Output:
    • Select a GPIO pin on the ESP32 (for example, GPIO4) for the output pulse sequence to the MOSFET gate driver.
    • Connect this GPIO pin to the gate of the MOSFET (assuming the designator for the gate is GG).
  2. Reset Switch:
    • Use a normally-open push-button switch to connect the reset pin of the ESP32 to ground.
    • Connect one terminal of the switch to the reset pin on the ESP32 (typically marked as the EN or RST pin).
    • Connect the other terminal of the switch to ground.
Connections
  • Pulse Sequence:
    • Connect ESP32:GPIO4 to GG:1.
  • Reset Switch:
    • Connect one terminal of RESET Switch to ESP32:EN.
    • Connect the other terminal of RESET Switch to Ground.
If you need more detailed assistance or have specific designators for the ESP32 pins, please provide them, and I can tailor the instructions further. Let me know if you need help with anything else!
3mo
will 1 ir2110 be able to run the gates on all 40 of my irf540 mosfets or will i need to use multiple ir2110
3mo
Using a single IR2110 to drive the gates of 40 IRF540 MOSFETs might not be the best approach due to the following reasons:
  1. Gate Charge Required:
    • Each MOSFET gate requires a certain amount of charge to turn on, specified by the gate charge parameter ($Q_g$) in the datasheet. The IRF540 typically has a total gate charge of around 71 nC.
  2. Driving Capability of IR2110:
    • The IR2110 has a peak gate drive current capability of up to 2 A. This might be insufficient for charging the gate capacitance of 40 MOSFETs rapidly, especially for high-frequency applications.
  3. Switching Speed:
    • A single IR2110 driving multiple MOSFETs could result in slower switching speeds, increased switching losses, and greater stress on the driver circuitry.
Recommendation:
  • Use Multiple Drivers:
    • It is advisable to use multiple IR2110 gate drivers, each handling a subset of the MOSFETs. For instance, using one driver for every 8 to 10 MOSFETs can provide balanced performance.
  • Consider Parasitic Inductances:
    • Distributing the drive capability can also help manage parasitic inductances and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues.
By using multiple drivers, you also gain the flexibility of optimizing the layout to ensure shorter connection paths and better thermal management. Let me know if you need further details or assistance in your design!
3mo
in parallel
3mo
The IR2110 gate driver can drive high-side and low-side MOSFETs, supporting a gate drive current of about 2A (peak). The gate driver's capability to drive multiple MOSFETs in parallel primarily depends on the total gate charge and switching frequency.
For the IRF540 MOSFET, let's consider some typical parameters:
  • Total Gate Charge (Qg): Approximately 71 nC
When using multiple MOSFETs in parallel, the effective gate charge increases linearly:
  • Total Gate Charge for 40 MOSFETs: 40×71nC=2840nC=2.84μC40 \times 71 \, \text{nC} = 2840 \, \text{nC} = 2.84 \, \mu\text{C}
Considerations:
  • Gate Drive Current Requirements:
    • The gate driver should supply enough current to charge and discharge this total gate capacitance within the required switching time.
    • With a typical gate drive current of about 2A from the IR2110, we calculate the time to charge the gates: tcharge=QtotalIdriver=2.84μC2A=1.42μst_{\text{charge}} = \frac{Q_{\text{total}}}{I_{\text{driver}}} = \frac{2.84 \, \mu\text{C}}{2 \, \text{A}} = 1.42 \, \mu\text{s}
  • Switching Frequency:
    • If your application operates at higher frequencies, this charge time might be significant. You must ensure the charging and discharging times fit within the duty cycle period.
Conclusion:
  • Multiple Drivers: If you are driving all 40 MOSFETs frequently (e.g., at a high PWM frequency), it is advisable to use multiple IR2110 drivers to ensure efficient charging and avoid excessive delays.
  • Single Driver: If this is a low-frequency or low-repetition rate application, a single IR2110 might suffice, but it is pushing the limits.
Recommendation:
To ensure reliable operation and minimal delay, I recommend using multiple IR2110 drivers to manage reasonable groups of MOSFETs (e.g., 5 to 10 MOSFETs per driver). This will improve response times and reduce the load on each driver. Let me know if you need further assistance or specific calculations based on different parameters!
3mo
I am repurposing a mosfet bank that is already configured as I had outlined earlier in our conversation and as such can't really be divided up easily. is it possible to drive the gates from one gate drive circuit consisting of multiple ir2110 hooked up in parallel? if so how many would be required to ensure efficient charging without causing delays and enabling high frequencies and high repetition rates? can you point me to a circuit diagram/schematics depicting a circuit like the one i have described? also, there are a few changes i would like to implement into the code you put together for me earlier: can i get you to update the most recent iteration of the code to include the following improvements that you had suggested earlier in the conversation? here is what you recommended but not all of it had made it into the most recently updated code: Debouncing for Buttons: Implement software debouncing for your button inputs. This can be done simply by checking the state of the button after a short delay or using a state change detection method.
Persistent Storage: Save configuration settings to the ESP32's non-volatile memory using the Preferences or EEPROM library. This ensures settings are retained across power cycles.
Improved Menu Navigation: Enhance user interaction feedback on the OLED, clearly indicating which menu item is active or selected.
You might want to incorporate a navigation timeout which returns to the main screen if idle for a certain amount of time.
Feedback and Error Messages: Provide visual indicators on the OLED for errors such as trying to adjust beyond limits or invalid operations.
Separate Logic into Functions: Consider splitting the code into more functions for readability and maintainability. For example, separate the menu logic, encoder handling, and pulse execution.
Interrupts for Encoder: Use interrupts for more responsive rotary encoder handling. This approach will improve accuracy and responsiveness in detecting fast changes.
OLED Display Handling: Maintain a clear separation in how the OLED is updated to minimize flicker and only update sections that change.
Check for Multiple Button Presses: Consider how the code handles multiple button presses simultaneously. Ensure there is no unexpected behavior arising from it. f Also, can you make a couple pin changes for me please? the pin labeled "RED_LED_PIN" needs to be normally high then be pulled low when activated as the led strip i am using has a common +5v and a gnd inputs for each of its 3 leds, red green and blue. I would like to add 2 more output pins labelled" "GREEN_LED_PIN", and "BLUE_LED_PIN" all of which would need to be pulled high internally in a normal state but drop low when activated. is this possilble? If so, please also make this modification to the code. I would like the blue led to be active whenever the on-board led that was included on the esp-32 is illuminated. and the green led should be active anytime anyone of the buttons are pressed and remain illuminated as long as any button remains active. I also do not need the pin that is labelled "SWITCH_BACK". if you could implement all these changes into the most recent version of the code you have been helping me with I would really appreciate it. let me know if anything is not clear or doesn't make sense.
3mo
Let's address your requirements step by step. To summarize, you need two main things:
  1. Driving Multiple MOSFETs with Parallel Gate Drivers: We'll explore using multiple IR2110 in parallel to drive your MOSFET bank.
  2. Updating and Enhancing the Code for ESP32: We'll implement several improvements into your existing ESP32 code, including new LED pin handling and features like debouncing, persistent storage, improved menu navigation, and more.
1. Parallel Gate Drivers for MOSFETs
Parallel Use of IR2110:
While it's possible to connect multiple gate drivers in parallel, you must ensure that:
  • Their outputs are directly paralleled to provide the necessary drive current.
  • You use a small resistor (e.g., 10Ω) in series with each gate driver's output to balance the load between them.
Estimating the Number of IR2110 Drivers:
  • To drive 40 MOSFETs in parallel efficiently, calculate the required current:
    • Total Gate Charge: 2.84 μC
    • Desired Charge Time: Let's aim for a time less than 500 ns for high-frequency operation.
    • Current Required: $I = \frac{Q}{t} = \frac{2.84 \text{ μC}}{500 \text{ ns}} \approx 5.68 \text{ A}$.
Given each IR2110 delivers about 2A, you'd need at least 3 drivers in parallel.
Here is a simple schematic suggestion:
  • Gate Connection: Parallel the outputs of multiple IR2110 drivers, each with a series resistor to gate.
  • Supply and Logic Connections: Connect the logic inputs of all IR2110 drivers in parallel to your control circuit.
2. ESP32 Code Enhancements
Here's a breakdown of how to implement your requested changes in the ESP32 code. This includes code structure suggestion and ESP32-specific enhancements:

Cpp


#include 
#include 
#include  // Or other OLED library
#include 
const int RED_LED_PIN = 26;
const int GREEN_LED_PIN = 27;
const int BLUE_LED_PIN = 28;
const int BUTTON_PIN = 32;
const int INTERNAL_LED_PIN = 2; // On-board LED

Preferences preferences;
RotaryEncoder encoder;
SSD1306Wire display(0x3D, SDA, SCL); // Adjust address as needed

void setup() {
  pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BLUE_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(INTERNAL_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(GREEN_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(BLUE_LED_PIN, HIGH);

  Wire.begin();
  display.init();
  display.clear();
  display.display();
  
  preferences.begin("settings", false);
  
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(BUTTON_PIN), handleButtonPress, FALLING);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(encoder.pinA), encoderTick, CHANGE);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(encoder.pinB), encoderTick, CHANGE);
}

void loop() {
  updateDisplay();
  
  if (digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) {
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED_PIN, LOW); // Active when button is pressed
  } else {
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  }
  
  manageOutputs();
  delay(10); // Simple debounce technique
}

void handleButtonPress() {
  static unsigned long lastInterruptTime = 0;
  unsigned long interruptTime = millis();
  if (interruptTime - lastInterruptTime > 200) { // Debounce for 200ms
    // Handle button press logic
  }
  lastInterruptTime = interruptTime;
}

void encoderTick() {
  encoder.tick();
  // Handle encoder movement
}

void manageOutputs() {
  if (digitalRead(INTERNAL_LED_PIN) == LOW) {
    digitalWrite(BLUE_LED_PIN, LOW);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(BLUE_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  }
  // Add other output management logic
}

void updateDisplay() {
  // Maintain the OLED update logic
}

void saveSettings() {
  preferences.putInt("some_setting", 123); // Example setting
}

void loadSettings() {
  int setting = preferences.getInt("some_setting", 0); // Default to 0 if not set
}
Key Changes:
  • Button Debouncing: Implemented via a simple delay in the interrupt handler.
  • Persistent Storage: Using Preferences for storing settings.
  • LED Logic: Adjusted for required behavior of new LEDs.
  • Interrupts for Encoder: Using interrupts to handle encoder changes.
  • OLED Handling: Simplified update logic recommended for display updates.
This code framework should help you incorporate the desired functionality. Let me know if there's anything else you'd like to clarify or adjust further!
3mo
can you change the code to use an ESP32-2432S028 board (many hobbyists call it a CYD or Cheap Yellow Display)? omit all the LED outputs retaining only the output for the welding pulses. use the included built in touch screen display. we should be able to omit the encoder and all buttons except for the "SWITCH_ACTIVATE" and the "RESET" buttons. all settings should be taken care of utilizing the touch screen that this board has impemented.
3mo
Certainly! Let's adapt the code to utilize the ESP32-2432S028 (CYD board) with its built-in touchscreen display. This board eliminates the need for external LEDs and rotary encoders, as it has a touch interface for interaction.
Key Changes:
  • Touchscreen Handling: Utilize the touchscreen for user interface interactions.
  • Remove External Components: Remove the LED outputs and rotary encoder.
  • Simplified Button Use: Retain only the "SWITCH_ACTIVATE" and "RESET" buttons.
  • Settings via Touchscreen: Implement configuration directly on the touchscreen.
Here's an outline of the code with these changes:

Cpp


#include  // Graphics and touchscreen library for the CYD
#include 

// Instantiate display and preferences
TFT_eSPI tft = TFT_eSPI();
Preferences preferences;

// Define pins for remaining buttons
const int SWITCH_ACTIVATE_PIN = 34;
const int RESET_PIN = 35; // Assuming a pin for reset

void setup() {
  preferences.begin("settings", false);

  // Initialize display
  tft.init();
  tft.setRotation(1); // Adjust based on how your display is oriented
  tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);

  pinMode(SWITCH_ACTIVATE_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(RESET_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); 

  // Attach interrupts if needed
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(SWITCH_ACTIVATE_PIN), activateSwitch, FALLING);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(RESET_PIN), resetFunction, FALLING);

  // Initial display setup
  displayMainMenu();
}

void loop() {
  if (tft.getTouch(&x, &y)) {
    handleTouch(x, y);
  }
  
  // Handle additional functionality as needed
}

void handleTouch(int x, int y) {
  // Implement touch handling logic based on coordinates
  if (isWithinBounds(x, y, 100, 200, 50, 100)) { // Example button coordinates
    activatePulse();
  }
  // Add other touch handling scenarios
}

void activateSwitch() {
  // Logic to activate welding pulse
}

void resetFunction() {
  // Logic to reset ESP32
}

void activatePulse() {
  // Implement actual pulse generation logic
}

void displayMainMenu() {
  tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setCursor(10, 10);
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_WHITE);
  tft.println("Main Menu");

  // Display more UI elements for interaction
}

bool isWithinBounds(int x, int y, int x0, int x1, int y0, int y1) {
  return (x >= x0 &amp;&amp; x <= x1 &amp;&amp; y >= y0 &amp;&amp; y <= y1);
}
Key Features:
  • Touchscreen Interface: Use handleTouch(x, y) function to manage user input via the touchscreen.
  • Preferences Library: Use the Preferences library for storing settings persistently.
  • Simplified Logic: Focus on using the built-in touchscreen for GUI and configuration.
This setup provides a base framework for leveraging the touchscreen. You'll need to:
  • Define specific UI elements and touch interactions to suit your application's needs.
  • Implement pulse generation logic according to your requirements.
  • Handle any additional touchscreen UI interactions by expanding the handleTouch function.
Feel free to adjust this template to further suit your specific use case and interface design! Let me know if you need anything more specific or detailed.
3mo
I have 40 irf540n mosfets that I would like to connect in parallel. I would like...
@copilot I have 40 irf540n mosfets that I would like to connect in parallel. I would like to use a 12v car battery as the power source and use an esp32 to control the bank of 40 parallel irf540n devices with a variable timing between 10 microseconds and 1 second. I intend on using this circuit as a battery tab spot welder
3mo
To create a battery tab spot welder using 40 parallel IRF540NIRF540N MOSFETs, you'll want to design the circuit to handle the high currents safely and enable control via an ESP32WROOM32ESP32-WROOM-32 microcontroller. Here's a brief outline of the setup:
Components
  • 40 x IRF540N MOSFETs: These will handle the high current switching.
  • ESP32 Microcontroller: To control the timing of the MOSFET bank.
  • Gate Resistors and Driving Circuit: To control the gates of the MOSFETs.
  • 12V Car Battery: Power source for the welding operation.
  • Current Limiting: Optional but recommended to manage the high currents.
Wiring and Design Considerations
  1. MOSFET Parallel Connection:
    • Connect the Source (S) pins of all 40 MOSFETs together.
    • Connect the Drain (D) pins of all 40 MOSFETs together.
    • Connect the Gate (G) pins to a gate driving circuit or use individual gate resistors to ensure stable operation.
  2. Gate Driving Circuit:
    • The ESP32 cannot directly drive the MOSFET gates due to current limitations. Use a MOSFET driver IC or a buffer transistor circuit to handle this.
    • Consider a gate resistor (10-100 ohms) for each MOSFET to reduce gate ringing.
  3. Controlling with ESP32:
    • Use one of the ESP32's GPIO pins to control the MOSFET driver.
    • Set up the ESP32 to generate PWM signals with pulse durations ranging from 10 microseconds to 1 second, depending on your welding needs.
    • For safety, include a manual and/or additional electronic cutoff method.
  4. Power Supply:
    • Ensure that your wiring and connections can handle potentially high currents released during welding.
    • Use thick copper traces and appropriate connectors to manage the heat and power loss.
  5. Heat Management:
    • MOSFETs will generate significant heat. Ensure adequate cooling, like using heatsink or a cooling fan.
Example Circuit Connections
  • MOSFET Connection:
    • Connect all IRF540NIRF540N:Source pins together to the negative side of the load.
    • Connect all IRF540NIRF540N:Drain pins together to the positive output.
  • Gate Driver Connection:
    • Connect ESP32:GPIO to Gate Driver:IN.
    • Connect Gate Driver:OUT to IRF540NIRF540N:Gate across all devices.
  • ESP32 Connection:
    • Program the ESP32 to control the pulse duration according to your welding requirements.
Safety Precautions
  • Consider including a fuse between the battery and the MOSFET bank to protect against short circuits.
  • Implement proper isolation and insulation to prevent accidental shorts that can lead to sparks or damage.
This project involves high power and requires careful consideration of power management, heat dissipation, and circuit safety. Make sure to take appropriate safety measures and consider consulting more specific resources or experts if needed. Let me know if you need any more details!
3mo
would it be posible to connect the negative terminal of the battery directly to the load and use the mosfets to switch only the positive terminal from the battery power source?
3mo
Yes, it's perfectly feasible to configure the circuit so that the MOSFETs switch only the connection to the positive terminal of the battery, while the negative terminal is directly connected to the load. This method is often used in high-current switching applications as it simplifies the design.
Here’s how you might set it up:
Circuit Configuration
  1. Connection Setup:
    • Battery Connections:
      • Connect the negative terminal of the 12V car battery directly to the negative side of the load.
      • Connect the positive terminal of the battery to the Drain of each IRF540N MOSFET.
  2. MOSFET Sourcing:
    • Source (S) Connections:
      • Connect all IRF540N Source (S) pins together and then connect them to the positive side of the load. This configuration places the MOSFET in a low-side switching configuration.
  3. Gate Control:
    • Gate (G) Connections:
      • Connect a gate driving circuit between the ESP32 and each MOSFET’s Gate (G) pin.
Circuit Connections
  • Positive Path:
    • Connect Battery:Positive to IRF540N:Drain across all devices.
  • Negative Path:
    • Connect Battery:Negative directly to Load:Negative.
Gate Control Circuit
  1. Gate Driver:
    • Use a separate MOSFET driver for controlling the Gate, or a transistor-based circuit to amplify the ESP32's GPIO signal to a level suitable for switching the MOSFETs.
  2. ESP32 Control:
    • Program the ESP32 to generate control pulses for the desired welding duration. Connect the ESP32's GPIO pin to the gate driver input.
Safety Features
  • Fuse: Install a fuse in the positive line from the battery to the drain of the MOSFETs.
  • Heatsinks: Attach heatsinks or use cooling measures for the MOSFETs to manage thermal loads.
  • Insulation: Ensure all connections are well-insulated to prevent accidental shorts or misfires.
This setup will allow the MOSFETs to control the high-side switching of the load current path, leveraging the ESP32 for timing control. If you have further questions or need more detailed guidance, feel free to ask!
3mo
@copilot please suggest a detailed gate driver circuit diagram to go between the esp32 and the mosfets to control all 40 of the mosfets with as few components as possible. there is already a resistor connected between the gate and source pins, and a resistor in series with a diode connecting the gate pins of all of the transistors together. I am repurposing a large mosfet bank salvaged out of a 12v to 120v inverter
3mo
For controlling a large bank of MOSFETs like your repurposed inverter setup using an ESP32, you'll want an efficient and compact gate driver circuit. Since you aim to minimize components, using a single gate driver IC capable of driving multiple MOSFETs would be most efficient. Here's a suggested approach:
Gate Driver IC Option
A suitable choice might be the IR2110, which is a popular MOSFET/IGBT driver that can drive the gate of multiple MOSFETs. It has the capability to drive both high and low-side configurations and can handle high voltage levels.
Circuit Components
  1. IR2110 Gate Driver IC (or similar)
  2. Resistor (10-100 ohms): Gate resistor (already in your setup).
  3. Diodes (e.g., 1N4148): Protection diodes.
  4. Capacitors: For decoupling and bootstrapping (if needed).
Circuit Connections
Below is a connection guide using the relevant parts. I'll provide a summary for how you might set up this circuit:
  1. Power Supply:
    • Connect IR2110:VCC to a 12V source (same as your MOSFET drain voltage, if convenient).
    • Connect IR2110:GND to the same ground as the ESP32.
  2. Input from ESP32:
    • Connect ESP32:GPIO to IR2110:IN to control the switching.
    • Use PWM or digital signals with appropriate timing.
  3. Interfacing with the MOSFETs:
    • Connect IR2110:OUT to the gate connection for all MOSFETs in parallel.
    • The existing setup with resistors and diodes may already integrate by tying these connections directly to the integrated gate node.
  4. Decoupling and Bootstrap:
    • Place a decoupling capacitor (10 µF + 0.1 µF) across VCC and GND near the IR2110.
    • If using high-side in configurations, integrate a bootstrap capacitor from the IR2110's bootstrap pin to the gate-drain node.
Example Simplified Circuit: Considerations
  • Each IR2110 can often source/sink enough current for multiple MOSFETs directly due to its robust design, making it feasible for your parallel-driven setup.
  • Ensure that the input signal to the IR2110 from the ESP32 matches the required input voltage levels for the gate driver (often 3V3 to 5V, but verify with your specific driver sheet).
  • The existing gate-source resistor and gate-to-gate diode setup should help manage any potential oscillations or transient conditions.
This setup should help you leverage your existing MOSFET bank efficiently. If you'd like further specifics, or have more questions, feel free to ask!
3mo
the way the 40 mosfets are configured in this mosfet bank is as follows: all 40 of the drain tabs are connected to each other with a large bus bar. 32 of the irf540n mosfets have their source pins connected to each other and these same 32 mosfets have their gate pins connected to each other thru a series resistor and zener diode. the remaining 8 of the mosfets are connected to each other in the same way then the group of 32 and the group of 8 have their source pins connected to each other thru a larger diode. is it possible that the group of 8 is driving the gates of the group of 32 or is there likely another explanation as to why there would be the two groups of same part numbered mosfets implemented in this way?
3mo
The configuration you’re describing suggests a potentially interesting approach to using the MOSFETs, possibly with some role specialization within the grouping. Here are some possibilities:
  1. Gate Driving Group:
    • The group of 8 MOSFETs could be implemented as a preliminary driving stage, providing additional current or voltage to drive the gate of the larger group of 32 MOSFETs. This is less common in practical applications for discrete MOSFETs and might have been chosen for load balancing or redundancy.
  2. Staged Power Distribution:
    • An alternative, more likely scenario is that the Group of 8 helps manage initial power surges or provides more precision and control through cascading switching events. Perhaps the smaller group provides a way to pre-charge or stabilize parts of the circuit before the full bank engages.
  3. Redundancy or Parallel Switching:
    • Since the exact implementation details depend on prior specifications, it may simply involve parallel operation to split loads or ensure that non-uniform load distribution does not occur. It's possible that this involves auxiliary elements for controlling other subsystems or supporting fault isolation.
Diagnostic Steps to Consider
To better understand the design's intent, you might:
  • Examine Traces and Connections: Look for any intermediate circuitry, potentially on PCBs or additional bus bars, linking the groups.
  • Simulate or Test Experimentally: Temporarily isolate the smaller group to see its impact or use circuit simulation to explore interactions.
  • Component Rating Review: It is sometimes helpful to see if this structuring surpasses design requirements for thermal or electrical rating tolerances.
Additional Recommendations
Given the complexity and potential purposeful design, whatever the arrangement:
  • Use a Unified Driver if Compatible: Consider if these separate groups might still effectively use a unified driver strategy.
  • Investigate Zener Roles: Zener diodes in this setup typically clamp voltage to protect MOSFET gates, ascertain they are adequately rated.
  • Safety and Isolation: If unsure, ensure additional protection layers before full power testing to avoid unexpected over-currents.
Without more specific insights into the original design intent, it’s challenging to provide a definitive answer. However, the theories above offer a grounded starting point. If more specifics come up or exploration suggests alternatives, feel free to re-engage for deeper diagnostics!
3mo
are you able to provide schematics of a suitable gate driver to drive all 40 of the mosfet's gates?
3mo
Certainly! Let's outline a schematic for a gate driver circuit that can handle driving all 40 MOSFETs in your bank, utilizing a manageable number of components. Given the configuration you described, which includes a series resistor and a Zener diode on the MOSFET gates, we can design a driver circuit using a gate driver IC.
Key Components
  1. Gate Driver IC: Consider using the IR2110 or a similar gate driver capable of handling large gate charge requirements.
  2. Optocoupler (Optional): For electrical isolation between the ESP32 and the MOSFETs, if needed.
  3. Decoupling Capacitors: Ensure stable operation of the gate driver IC.
  4. Zener Diodes: Continue using existing Zeners to clamp gate voltage.
  5. Resistors: Continue using the existing setup for gate resistance.
Schematic Overview
Let's sketch out a basic connection schematic using a gate driver. Here, I'm going to describe it textually due to text limitations, but this will give you a good foundation for your implementation:
Connection Walkthrough
  1. Gate Driver Power Supply:
    • Connect the gate driver IC's VCC to a suitable power source (12V recommended for IR2110).
    • Connect the gate driver IC's GND to the system ground.
  2. ESP32 Control:
    • Connect an ESP32 GPIO pin to the IN pin of the gate driver IC directly or through a buffer if necessary.
    • Use PWM or digital signals for timing control.
  3. MOSFET Bank Gate Connection:
    • Connect the gate driver IC's OUT pin to the combined gate connection of all IRF540NIRF540N MOSFETs. Use the existing gate resistor, ensuring it's an appropriate value to minimize ringing and overshoot.
  4. Existing Zener and Resistor:
    • Continue using your existing Zener diodes to ensure the gate voltage is clamped.
    • Existing gate resistors dictate charge and discharge rates; maintain these for stability.
  5. Decoupling Capacitor:
    • Place a 100 nF decoupling capacitor very close to the gate driver IC between VCC and GND pins to suppress any power supply noise.
Simplified Textual Diagram

Plaintext


ESP32 GPIO ----> IN ----> | Gate Driver | ----> OUT ----> MOSFET Gates (Via Gate Resistor and Zener Diodes)
                      VCC --- 12V
                      GND --- System Ground
                      Decoupling Capacitor (100 nF) between VCC and GND
Additional Notes
  • Current Drive Capability: Make sure the gate driver IC can handle the combined gate charge of all 40 MOSFETs. The IR2110 can typically drive several units, but verify the datasheets for total gate charge calculations.
  • Isolation: Consider using an optocoupler if electrical isolation is critical to reduce noise or potential electrical faults.
  • Check Your Components: Ensure that all components, like resistors and capacitors, are rated correctly according to your design.
This configuration should provide a robust solution for driving your large MOSFET bank with minimal additional components. Let me know if you need further clarification or details on specific parts of the design!
3mo
is it possible to connect a relay to the output pin of the esp32 that, when activated causes the 12 volts from the battery power supply to the gate pin node on the mosfets in place of using a gate driver mosfet circuit?
3mo
Yes, it's technically possible to use a relay as a means of controlling the gate voltage on your MOSFET bank from an ESP32, but there are several considerations and potential pitfalls to be aware of:
Basic Concept
The basic idea would be to use a relay to connect the 12V battery supply directly to the gate node of the MOSFET bank when activated by an ESP32. Here's a simple conceptual outline:
  1. Relay Control:
    • Use an ESP32 GPIO pin to control a relay coil.
    • When the relay is activated, it closes the circuit between the 12V battery and the gate node of the MOSFETs.
  2. Relay Connection:
    • The common terminal of the relay connects to the 12V battery.
    • The normally open (NO) terminal connects to the gate node of the MOSFETs.
Potential Issues
  1. Switching Speed:
    • Relays are mechanical devices and have significantly slower switching times compared to electronic gate drivers. This may not be suitable if you require precise timing and very short pulse durations $like \text{in microseconds}$.
  2. Contact Bounce:
    • Mechanical contacts can bounce upon closing, causing undesired rapid on-off cycles. This can lead to erratic gate voltage and potentially destroy the MOSFETs due to fast transient voltages.
  3. Induced Voltages:
    • The inductance in relay coils can induce unwanted voltages when switching, which could potentially affect the ESP32. A flyback diode is essential across the relay coil to mitigate this.
  4. Gate Current:
    • If the gate capacitance of the MOSFET bank is high, you might experience a significant initial current rush when the relay closes, which might not be handled well by the relay.
Recommended Modifications
  1. Flyback Diode:
    • Add a flyback diode across the relay coil to protect against voltage spikes.
  2. Use a Solid-State Relay (SSR):
    • Consider using an SSR instead of a mechanical relay, as SSRs can handle faster switching without contact bounce, though they might still not be as fast as dedicated gate driver ICs.
  3. Capacitive Load:
    • If using a relay, ensure it's rated for capacitive loads which gates could exhibit and capable of handling currents induced by 40 MOSFET gates charging simultaneously.
Connection Example

Plaintext


ESP32 GPIO ----> Relay Coil (Via Transistor if Necessary) ----> Relay NO Terminal ----> 12V ----> Gate Node (Via Existing Resistor)
Conclusion
Using a relay is feasible, especially for lower-speed applications, but isn't ideal for precise and high-speed switching required in applications like spot welding. It is generally better to stick with a dedicated gate driver circuit for applications demanding high precision and speed. If you decide to proceed with the relay method, proceed cautiously and consider the potential limitations. If you have more questions or need guidance on a different approach, feel free to ask!
3mo
okay i think i will stick with the previous solution. how can i implement a variable amp control? can this be performed in the code of the esp32?
3mo
Implementing variable current control in a welding application can be somewhat challenging, especially if you're looking to control the current dynamically. Since a spot welder uses short, high-current pulses, there's typically limited time to adjust current directly. However, you can indirectly control current by adjusting the pulse width and frequency. Here’s how you can manage this:
Indirect Current Control via Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
  1. Pulse Width Control:
    • The ESP32 can control the width of the pulses sent to the MOSFET gates. By adjusting how long the MOSFETs are turned on, you can effectively control the amount of energy delivered to the load.
  2. Frequency Control:
    • Adjust the frequency of the PWM signal to manage the interval between pulses. Shorter intervals or high frequency can lead to more continuous power delivery, effectively simulating higher "average" current over a period of time.
Implementation in ESP32 Code
Here's how you might set this up in the ESP32:
  1. Use ESP32 PWM Capabilities:
    • Use ESP32's built-in PWM libraries or functionalities to generate variable pulse widths. The ledc library is commonly used for this purpose.
  2. Adjusting Duty Cycle:
    • By changing the duty cycle, you control the percentage of each period that the MOSFET is on. Higher duty cycles deliver more power/current.
  3. Example Code Snippet:

Cpp


#include 

// Define constants
int pwmChannel = 0;
int frequency = 5000; // Set a frequency: 5 kHz
int resolution = 8;   // 8-bit resolution

// Define the pin used
const int gatePin = 5; // GPIO pin connected to the gate driver

void setup() {
    // Set up PWM on the specified channel and pin
    ledcSetup(pwmChannel, frequency, resolution);
    ledcAttachPin(gatePin, pwmChannel);
}

void loop() {
    int dutyCycle = 128; // Adjust this for different current levels (0-255 for 8-bit resolution)
  
    // Set the PWM duty cycle
    ledcWrite(pwmChannel, dutyCycle);
    
    // Control the pulse duration; here, it's set to 500 ms on-time
    delay(500);
    
    // Turn off the MOSFETs
    ledcWrite(pwmChannel, 0);
    
    // Delay between pulses
    delay(500);
}
Considerations
  • Testing and Calibration: Experiment with different duty cycles and frequencies to find the best settings for your specific application.
  • Thermal Management: Higher duty cycles can increase current and hence thermal load, so ensure adequate cooling and consider including a thermal cut-off.
  • Feedback Mechanism: If precise current control is needed, consider using current sensing methods (like a shunt resistor and ADC on the ESP32) to adjust PWM based on feedback.
This indirect method allows the control of effective current delivered during the spot welding process by controlling the energy through the pulse timing, without needing to dynamically modulate current. If you have further needs or details to dive into, feel free to ask!
3mo
okay lets skip that. which GPIO pins on an esp32-wroom would be best to connect 6 momentary switches to? which ones would be best for a rotary encoder's pins labeled clk and dt? and which pins should pins labeled clk, mosi, res, dc, and cs for an spi oled screen? and which pin would be best as the output to the mosfet gate driver circuit?
3mo
The ESP32-WROOM-32 offers a versatile GPIO configuration, making it suitable for various input and output tasks. When choosing pins, it’s important to consider potential constraints such as dedicated functions (e.g., ADC, Touch, etc.), and pin configurations tied to boot modes.
Recommended GPIO Pin Assignments Momentary Switches
For connecting six momentary switches, choose pins that are free from special functions or restrictions, ensuring they can be used as simple GPIO inputs. Suitable choices include:
  • GPIO 12
  • GPIO 13
  • GPIO 14
  • GPIO 25
  • GPIO 26
  • GPIO 27
These pins are general-purpose and typically free from boot-related constraints.
Rotary Encoder (CLK and DT)
Rotary encoders require handling frequently changing signals, so using pins with robust interrupt support is ideal:
  • CLK (Clock): GPIO 32
  • DT (Data): GPIO 33
These pins support interrupt functionalities, which is beneficial for precise rotary encoder readings.
SPI OLED Screen (CLK, MOSI, RES, DC, CS)
For SPI communication, standard SPI pins on the ESP32 can be used. The ESP32-WROOM-32 supports multiple HSPI or VSPI configurations. A typical assignment is:
  • CLK (SCK): GPIO 18
  • MOSI (Master Out Slave In): GPIO 23
  • RES (Reset): GPIO 15
  • DC (Data/Command): GPIO 2
  • CS (Chip Select): GPIO 5
These assignments use standard hardware SPI pins for maximal efficiency and performance.
MOSFET Gate Driver Control
Choose a pin capable of PWM for controlling the MOSFET driver. GPIOs commonly used for effective output include:
  • GPIO 4
This pin can easily be configured for PWM or digital output control.
Additional Considerations
  • Always ensure pin multiplexing settings don’t interfere with existing peripheral needs.
  • Be mindful of current capabilities on the chosen pins to ensure they can drive your connected components safely.
  • Verify external circuit designs to prevent conflicts due to shared lines or unintended functionality activations.
This configuration should adequately match typical requirements while optimizing available resources on the ESP32-WROOM-32. Let me know if you need further customization or specific implementation guidance!
3mo
can you provide code for the esp32 double pulse timer circuit? the parts and specifications i will use are as follows:
1x esp32-wroom-32
1x red led connected to GPIO26 which is internally pulled low and goes high to power red led whenever a "Pulse Sequence" is active. 1x 1.3 inch v2.0 OLED screen that uses a 7 pin spi protocol with a resolution of 128x164 and uses driver ic : GC9A01. Its pins are: GND, VCC, CLK, MOSI, RES, DC, CS and should be connected as follows: GND=GND, VCC=VCC, CLK=GPIO18, MOSI=GPIO23, RES=GPIO15, DC=GPIO2, CS=GPIO5
1x "Rotary Encoder" with 5 pins labeled: CLK, DT, SW, +, GND. It has an integrated normally open momentary switch connected to SW . this switch should be named "Select" connected to GPIO 25 internally pulled high, if pulled low it is considered active its pins should be connected as follows: CLK=GPIO32, DT=GPIO33, SW=GPIO26, +=VCC, GND=GND
1x normally open momentary switch to be named "Back/Exit" connected to GPIO12 internally pulled high, if pulled low it is considered active
1x normally open momentary switch to be named "Activate" connected to GPIO13 internally pulled high, if pulled low it is considered active
1x normally open momentary switch to be named "Reset" connected to GPIO14 internally pulled high, if pulled low it is considered active
if "Activate" is pressed and held for 100 milliseconds then "Pulse Sequence" should be initiated. the "Pulse Sequence" should run as follows: "Activate" is pressed and held for 100 milliseconds then must continue to be held through the duration of the "Pulse Sequence". "Pulse Sequence" runs as follows: "Delay Time"-"Pulse 1"-"Pause Duration"-"Pulse 2"-"Debounce Delay". "Activate" must remain active until the end of "Pulse Sequence", if "Activate" does not remain active until "Pulse Sequence" has ran until completion then "Debounce Protocol" will immediately be initiated.
if switch "Select" is pressed and held for 2000 milliseconds then a menu opens on the OLED screen that allows the user to change pulse settings by turning the "Rotary Encoder" to highlight the setting to be changed. Pressing "Select" will select currently highlighted menu item and store it in memory or open currently highlighted menu item. the menu should be in the following order:
  1. "Delay Time" has a range of 5 milliseconds to 3000 milliseconds and an initial default value of 100 milliseconds. This is describing the amount of time after "Pulse Sequence" is initiated that output pin is to remain in a low state before "Pulse 1" begins. a. (5 milliseconds to 3000 milliseconds)
  2. "Pulse 1" has a range of 10 milliseconds to 5000 milliseconds and an initial default value of 40 milliseconds. This is describing the amount of time the output pin is to go and remain in a high state before "Pause Duration" begins. a. (10 milliseconds to 5000 milliseconds)
  3. "Pause Duration" has a range of 5 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds with an initial default value of 20 milliseconds. This is describing the amount of time that output pin is to go and remain in a low state until "Pulse 2" begins. a. (5 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds)
  4. "Pulse 2" has a range of 10 milliseconds to 5000 milliseconds with an initial default value of 80 milliseconds. This is describing the amount of time the output pin is to go and remain in a high state before "Debounce Protocol" begins. a. (10 milliseconds to 5000 milliseconds)
  5. "Debounce Protocol" has a range of 100 milliseconds to 3000 milliseconds with an initial default value of 500 milliseconds. This is describing the amount of time the output pin is to go to and remain in a low state after "Pulse 2" has finished. During this time no new sequences can be initiated. a. (100 milliseconds to 3000 milliseconds)
  6. "Return to Default" When this menu item is highlighted and "Select" pin goes low all values of menu items 1,2,3,4, and 5 are set to their default values. When this operation has completed text on the OLED screen is displayed for a duration of 1500 milliseconds saying "ALL VALUES SET TO DEFAULT STATE" followed by menu screen named: "EXIT" being highlighted.
  7. "EXIT" when this menu item is highlighted and select pin goes low the settings menu is exited and screen goes to idle state.
If there is anything that is missing that is needed to successfully compile the code for this dual pulse spot welder for 18650 battery tab assembly, or if you can improve upon anything please let me know
3mo
Creating a comprehensive code for your ESP32 double pulse timer circuit involves several parts: managing inputs, displaying information on the OLED screen, handling rotary encoder input, and executing the pulse sequence. Here’s a breakdown of how to approach this:
Libraries Required
Make sure to install the necessary libraries:
  • Adafruit GFX Library
  • Adafruit BusIO
  • Adafruit GC9A01 Library (or similar for your specific display)
  • Rotary Encoder Library (e.g., Arduino Encoder Library)
ESP32 Pin Configuration
  • Red LED: GPIO 26
  • OLED Screen: SPI using GPIO 18 (CLK), GPIO 23 (MOSI), GPIO 15 (RES), GPIO 2 (DC), GPIO 5 (CS)
  • Rotary Encoder: GPIO 32 (CLK), GPIO 33 (DT), GPIO 25 (SW)
  • Switches: GPIO 12 (Back/Exit), GPIO 13 (Activate), GPIO 14 (Reset)
Sketch Overview
First, ensure you have a basic understanding of how to use the ESP32 with SPI and GPIO, and then use the pseudocode as your code structure:

Cpp


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

// Pin Definitions
#define RED_LED_PIN 26
#define OLED_CS 5
#define OLED_DC 2
#define OLED_RST 15
#define OLED_MOSI 23
#define OLED_CLK 18
#define ROTARY_CLK 32
#define ROTARY_DT 33
#define ROTARY_SW 25
#define SWITCH_BACK 12
#define SWITCH_ACTIVATE 13
#define SWITCH_RESET 14

// Initialize OLED
Adafruit_GC9A01 display = Adafruit_GC9A01(OLED_CS, OLED_DC, OLED_RST);

// Initialize Rotary Encoder
Encoder encoder(ROTARY_CLK, ROTARY_DT);

// Menu Variables
int delayTime = 100;
int pulse1 = 40;
int pauseDuration = 20;
int pulse2 = 80;
int debounceProtocol = 500;

void setup() {
  pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ROTARY_SW, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(SWITCH_BACK, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(SWITCH_ACTIVATE, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(SWITCH_RESET, INPUT_PULLUP);

  // Initialize display
  display.begin();
  display.setRotation(0);
  display.fillScreen(0);

  // Display initial information
  displayMenu();

  // Initialize serial for debugging
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
  // Check button states
  if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
    delay(100);
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
      executePulseSequence();
    }
  }
  
  // Handle "Select" button logic for menu navigation
  static unsigned long lastPress = 0;
  if (digitalRead(ROTARY_SW) == LOW) {
    if (millis() - lastPress > 2000) {
      openMenu();
    }
    lastPress = millis();
  }
  
  // Update display or handle rotary input
  handleRotaryEncoder();
}

void executePulseSequence() {
  // Ensure "Activate" is still held
  if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == HIGH) {
    return; // Exit if "Activate" is released
  }
  
  // Turn on LED to signal pulse start
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  
  // Execute "Pulse Sequence"
  delay(delayTime);
  // Pulse 1
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  delay(pulse1);
  // Pause Duration
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
  delay(pauseDuration);
  // Pulse 2
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  delay(pulse2);
  // Debounce Protocol
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
  delay(debounceProtocol);
  
  // Turn off LED at the end of the sequence
  digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
}

void displayMenu() {
  // Code to update and display menu on OLED
}

void openMenu() {
  // Code for menu navigation
}

void handleRotaryEncoder() {
  // Code to check rotary encoder inputs and update selections
  long newPos = encoder.read();
  if (newPos > 0) {
    // Increase current menu item
    encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder
  } else if (newPos < 0) {
    // Decrease current menu item
    encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder
  }
}
Code Explanation
  1. ROTARY ENCODER:
    • Read values from the rotary encoder to navigate and adjust settings in the menu.
    • Use an interrupt if necessary for the encoder to ensure rapid changes are captured.
  2. OLED SCREEN:
    • Use the Adafruit library to manage the OLED display.
    • Display menus and instructions to the user based on the rotary encoder input and switch states.
  3. SWITCHES:
    • Use internal pull-up resistors for simplicity.
    • Manage debounce effectively by adding slight delays and only trigger actions on button press events (high-to-low transitions).
  4. PULSE SEQUENCE:
    • Ensure the "Activate" switch is held down through the whole sequence.
    • Use the LED to indicate when pulses are active.
Enhancements
  • Persistence Storage: Store the configuration in non-volatile memory (e.g., using the Preferences library) so settings are retained after a power loss.
  • Debouncing: Consider implementing software debouncing if needed to handle mechanical button noise.
This code forms a foundation that you can expand upon with more precise timing and rotary encoder handling as needed. Let me know if you need assistance further refining any specific part or have other questions!
3mo
// Menu Variables int delayTime = 100; int pulse1 = 40; int pauseDuration = 20; int pulse2 = 80; int debounceProtocol = 500; how do i set the range that these can be adjusted to?
3mo
To ensure that these menu variables can be adjusted within specified ranges, you'll need to implement constraints in the code that handles adjusting the values. This typically involves checking the new values and ensuring they fall within the predefined minimum and maximum limits. Here's how you can do it:
Implementing the Range Constraints
You define the minimum and maximum values for each parameter and then apply these limits during your menu handling logic, particularly when using the rotary encoder to adjust values.
Define Minimum and Maximum Constants

Cpp


// Define min and max constants for menu variables
const int MIN_DELAY_TIME = 5;
const int MAX_DELAY_TIME = 3000;

const int MIN_PULSE1 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE1 = 5000;

const int MIN_PAUSE_DURATION = 5;
const int MAX_PAUSE_DURATION = 500;

const int MIN_PULSE2 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE2 = 5000;

const int MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 100;
const int MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 3000;
Ensure Adjustments Respect These Constraints
When reading changes from the rotary encoder, compare updated values against these limits before assigning them. Here's a potential function to handle the adjustments:

Cpp


void adjustMenuItem(int &amp;value, int increment, int minValue, int maxValue) {
    value += increment;
    if (value < minValue) {
        value = minValue;
    }
    if (value > maxValue) {
        value = maxValue;
    }
}
Integrate into Rotary Handling
In your handleRotaryEncoder() function, ensure you apply these constraints:

Cpp


void handleRotaryEncoder() {
    long newPos = encoder.read();
    if (newPos != 0) {
        // Assume menuIndex points to the current item being modified
        switch (menuIndex) {
            case 0: // Delay Time
                adjustMenuItem(delayTime, newPos, MIN_DELAY_TIME, MAX_DELAY_TIME);
                break;
            case 1: // Pulse 1
                adjustMenuItem(pulse1, newPos, MIN_PULSE1, MAX_PULSE1);
                break;
            case 2: // Pause Duration
                adjustMenuItem(pauseDuration, newPos, MIN_PAUSE_DURATION, MAX_PAUSE_DURATION);
                break;
            case 3: // Pulse 2
                adjustMenuItem(pulse2, newPos, MIN_PULSE2, MAX_PULSE2);
                break;
            case 4: // Debounce Protocol
                adjustMenuItem(debounceProtocol, newPos, MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL, MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL);
                break;
        }
        encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder position
        displayMenu(); // Update display with new value
    }
}
Explanation
  • adjustMenuItem Function: This function modifies the given parameter value based on the encoder's output while ensuring it remains within its designated range.
  • Encoder Integration: By integrating the adjustments with the encoder value, you ensure user input is respected without exceeding bounds.
  • Display Update: You may wish to call a function to update your OLED screen immediately after changes for dynamic feedback.
This approach ensures the values are always within the user-defined constraints, providing safe operation and a user-friendly interface. Adjust the rotary encoder response and display feedback mechanisms as needed to optimize performance and clarity for your application.
3mo
any other improvements that can be made and did i implement everything correctly?
3mo
// Pin Definitions #define RED_LED_PIN 26 #define OLED_CS 5 #define OLED_DC 2 #define OLED_RST 15 #define OLED_MOSI 23 #define OLED_CLK 18 #define ROTARY_CLK 32 #define ROTARY_DT 33 #define ROTARY_SW 25 #define SWITCH_BACK 12 #define SWITCH_ACTIVATE 13 #define SWITCH_RESET 14
// Initialize OLED Adafruit_GC9A01 display = Adafruit_GC9A01(OLED_CS, OLED_DC, OLED_RST);
// Initialize Rotary Encoder Encoder encoder(ROTARY_CLK, ROTARY_DT); void handleRotaryEncoder() { void adjustMenuItem(int &value, int increment, int minValue, int maxValue) { value += increment; if (value < minValue) { value = minValue; } if (value > maxValue) { value = maxValue; } }
long newPos = encoder.read();
if (newPos != 0) {
    // Assume menuIndex points to the current item being modified
    switch (menuIndex) {
        case 0: // Delay Time
            adjustMenuItem(delayTime, newPos, MIN_DELAY_TIME, MAX_DELAY_TIME);
            break;
        case 1: // Pulse 1
            adjustMenuItem(pulse1, newPos, MIN_PULSE1, MAX_PULSE1);
            break;
        case 2: // Pause Duration
            adjustMenuItem(pauseDuration, newPos, MIN_PAUSE_DURATION, MAX_PAUSE_DURATION);
            break;
        case 3: // Pulse 2
            adjustMenuItem(pulse2, newPos, MIN_PULSE2, MAX_PULSE2);
            break;
        case 4: // Debounce Protocol
            adjustMenuItem(debounceProtocol, newPos, MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL, MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL);
            break;
    }
    encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder position
    displayMenu(); // Update display with new value
}
}
// Menu Variables int delayTime = 100; int pulse1 = 40; int pauseDuration = 20; int pulse2 = 80; int debounceProtocol = 500;
// Define min and max constants for menu variables const int MIN_DELAY_TIME = 5; const int MAX_DELAY_TIME = 3000;
const int MIN_PULSE1 = 10; const int MAX_PULSE1 = 5000;
const int MIN_PAUSE_DURATION = 5; const int MAX_PAUSE_DURATION = 500;
const int MIN_PULSE2 = 10; const int MAX_PULSE2 = 5000;
const int MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 100; const int MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 3000;
void setup() { pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT); pinMode(ROTARY_SW, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(SWITCH_BACK, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(SWITCH_ACTIVATE, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(SWITCH_RESET, INPUT_PULLUP);
// Initialize display display.begin(); display.setRotation(0); display.fillScreen(0);
// Display initial information displayMenu();
// Initialize serial for debugging Serial.begin(115200); }
void loop() { // Check button states if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) { delay(100); if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) { executePulseSequence(); } }
// Handle "Select" button logic for menu navigation static unsigned long lastPress = 0; if (digitalRead(ROTARY_SW) == LOW) { if (millis() - lastPress > 2000) { openMenu(); } lastPress = millis(); }
// Update display or handle rotary input handleRotaryEncoder(); }
void executePulseSequence() { // Ensure "Activate" is still held if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == HIGH) { return; // Exit if "Activate" is released }
// Turn on LED to signal pulse start digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
// Execute "Pulse Sequence" delay(delayTime); // Pulse 1 digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH); delay(pulse1); // Pause Duration digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW); delay(pauseDuration); // Pulse 2 digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH); delay(pulse2); // Debounce Protocol digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW); delay(debounceProtocol);
// Turn off LED at the end of the sequence digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW); }
void displayMenu() { // Code to update and display menu on OLED }
void openMenu() { // Code for menu navigation }
void handleRotaryEncoder() { // Code to check rotary encoder inputs and update selections long newPos = encoder.read(); if (newPos > 0) { // Increase current menu item encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder } else if (newPos < 0) { // Decrease current menu item encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder } }
3mo
The code structure you've implemented is a solid foundation. Here are some further improvements and considerations to ensure robustness, usability, and efficiency:
Improvements and Considerations
  1. Debouncing for Buttons:
    • Implement software debouncing for your button inputs. This can be done simply by checking the state of the button after a short delay or using a state change detection method.
  2. Persistent Storage:
    • Save configuration settings to the ESP32's non-volatile memory using the Preferences or EEPROM library. This ensures settings are retained across power cycles.
  3. Improved Menu Navigation:
    • Enhance user interaction feedback on the OLED, clearly indicating which menu item is active or selected.
    • You might want to incorporate a navigation timeout which returns to the main screen if idle for a certain amount of time.
  4. Feedback and Error Messages:
    • Provide visual indicators on the OLED for errors such as trying to adjust beyond limits or invalid operations.
  5. Separate Logic into Functions:
    • Consider splitting the code into more functions for readability and maintainability. For example, separate the menu logic, encoder handling, and pulse execution.
  6. Interrupts for Encoder:
    • Use interrupts for more responsive rotary encoder handling. This approach will improve accuracy and responsiveness in detecting fast changes.
  7. OLED Display Handling:
    • Maintain a clear separation in how the OLED is updated to minimize flicker and only update sections that change.
  8. Check for Multiple Button Presses:
    • Consider how the code handles multiple button presses simultaneously. Ensure there is no unexpected behavior arising from it.
Code Structure Review
Your core logic for handling pulses and parameters appears correctly structured, but here are some implementation tips:
  • Debouncing Example:

    Cpp


    bool debounceButton(int pin) {
        bool currentState = digitalRead(pin);
        delay(10); // Delay for debounce
        return currentState == digitalRead(pin); // Only true if stable
    }
  • Persistent Storage Usage:

    Cpp


    #include 
    Preferences preferences;
    
    void saveSettings() {
        preferences.begin("my-settings", false);
        preferences.putInt("delayTime", delayTime);
        preferences.putInt("pulse1", pulse1);
        preferences.putInt("pauseDuration", pauseDuration);
        preferences.putInt("pulse2", pulse2);
        preferences.putInt("debounceProtocol", debounceProtocol);
        preferences.end();
    }
    
    void loadSettings() {
        preferences.begin("my-settings", true);
        delayTime = preferences.getInt("delayTime", 100);
        pulse1 = preferences.getInt("pulse1", 40);
        pauseDuration = preferences.getInt("pauseDuration", 20);
        pulse2 = preferences.getInt("pulse2", 80);
        debounceProtocol = preferences.getInt("debounceProtocol", 500);
        preferences.end();
    }
These enhancements should guide you to a more refined and user-friendly solution. Test each component individually to ensure it operates as expected and iterate based on user feedback or observed operational requirements. Let me know if you need deeper insights into any particular aspect!
3mo
It looks like there are a few issues and improvements that can be made in your code. Let's address them:
Corrections and Improvements
  1. Duplicate Function Definition: You have two handleRotaryEncoder() function definitions. Remove the extra one to avoid conflicts.
  2. Correct Function Placement: The adjustMenuItem() function should be defined outside the handleRotaryEncoder() function for better organization and to avoid scope issues.
  3. Menu Management: You need to implement a way to manage which menu item is currently selected, possibly using an index variable like menuIndex.
  4. OLED Display Logic: Implement the logic in the displayMenu() and openMenu() functions to handle rendering and navigation on the OLED screen.
  5. Button Debouncing: Consider implementing more robust debouncing for the buttons, as simple delays may not be sufficient for stable operation over time.
Here's a revised version of your code with some of these improvements:

Cpp


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

// Pin Definitions
#define RED_LED_PIN 26
#define OLED_CS 5
#define OLED_DC 2
#define OLED_RST 15
#define OLED_MOSI 23
#define OLED_CLK 18
#define ROTARY_CLK 32
#define ROTARY_DT 33
#define ROTARY_SW 25
#define SWITCH_BACK 12
#define SWITCH_ACTIVATE 13
#define SWITCH_RESET 14

// Initialize OLED
Adafruit_GC9A01 display = Adafruit_GC9A01(OLED_CS, OLED_DC, OLED_RST);

// Initialize Rotary Encoder
Encoder encoder(ROTARY_CLK, ROTARY_DT);

// Menu Variables
int delayTime = 100;
int pulse1 = 40;
int pauseDuration = 20;
int pulse2 = 80;
int debounceProtocol = 500;

int menuIndex = 0;  // To track current menu item

// Define min and max constants for menu variables
const int MIN_DELAY_TIME = 5;
const int MAX_DELAY_TIME = 3000;

const int MIN_PULSE1 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE1 = 5000;

const int MIN_PAUSE_DURATION = 5;
const int MAX_PAUSE_DURATION = 500;

const int MIN_PULSE2 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE2 = 5000;

const int MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 100;
const int MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 3000;

// Function to adjust menu items with constraints
void adjustMenuItem(int &amp;value, int increment, int minValue, int maxValue) {
    value += increment;
    if (value < minValue) {
        value = minValue;
    }
    if (value > maxValue) {
        value = maxValue;
    }
}

void setup() {
    pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(ROTARY_SW, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_BACK, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_ACTIVATE, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_RESET, INPUT_PULLUP);

    // Initialize display
    display.begin();
    display.setRotation(0);
    display.fillScreen(0);

    // Display initial information
    displayMenu();

    // Initialize serial for debugging
    Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
    // Check button states
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
        delay(100);  // Basic debounce
        if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
            executePulseSequence();
        }
    }
  
    // Handle "Select" button logic for menu navigation
    static unsigned long lastPress = 0;
    if (digitalRead(ROTARY_SW) == LOW) {
        if (millis() - lastPress > 2000) {
            openMenu();
        }
        lastPress = millis();
    }
  
    // Update display or handle rotary input
    handleRotaryEncoder();
}

void executePulseSequence() {
    // Ensure "Activate" is still held
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == HIGH) {
        return; // Exit if "Activate" is released
    }
  
    // Turn on LED to signal pulse start
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  
    // Execute "Pulse Sequence"
    delay(delayTime);
    // Pulse 1
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(pulse1);
    // Pause Duration
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
    delay(pauseDuration);
    // Pulse 2
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(pulse2);
    // Debounce Protocol
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
    delay(debounceProtocol);
  
    // Turn off LED at the end of the sequence
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
}

void displayMenu() {
    // Code to update and display menu on OLED
}

void openMenu() {
    // Code for menu navigation
}

void handleRotaryEncoder() {
    long newPos = encoder.read();
    if (newPos != 0) {
        int increment = (newPos > 0) ? 1 : -1;
        switch (menuIndex) {
            case 0: // Delay Time
                adjustMenuItem(delayTime, increment, MIN_DELAY_TIME, MAX_DELAY_TIME);
                break;
            case 1: // Pulse 1
                adjustMenuItem(pulse1, increment, MIN_PULSE1, MAX_PULSE1);
                break;
            case 2: // Pause Duration
                adjustMenuItem(pauseDuration, increment, MIN_PAUSE_DURATION, MAX_PAUSE_DURATION);
                break;
            case 3: // Pulse 2
                adjustMenuItem(pulse2, increment, MIN_PULSE2, MAX_PULSE2);
                break;
            case 4: // Debounce Protocol
                adjustMenuItem(debounceProtocol, increment, MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL, MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL);
                break;
        }
        encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder position
        displayMenu(); // Update display with new value
    }
}
Key Improvements
  • Single Definition for handleRotaryEncoder(): Ensures clarity and prevents conflicts.
  • MenuIndex Integration: Adds a menuIndex variable to track which setting is currently being adjusted.
  • Dynamic Display Management: Remember to implement your displayMenu() and openMenu() functions.
  • Debounce Logic: Basic debounce with delays; consider more robust solutions (e.g., state machines or dedicated debounce libraries).
  • Increment Management: Allows smooth adjustment of menu settings with the rotary encoder.
By integrating these changes and completing the display functions, you will have a more robust and clearer control system. Let me know if you need further elaboration on any feature or additional component integration!
3mo
can you implement these changes in the code for me please? i really don't know how to code very well whatsoever, I'm just at the very beginning of my coding journey
3mo
Certainly! Let's put it all together. Below is the revised code with all the suggested improvements and complete function implementations:

Cpp


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

// Pin Definitions
#define RED_LED_PIN 26
#define OLED_CS 5
#define OLED_DC 2
#define OLED_RST 15
#define OLED_MOSI 23
#define OLED_CLK 18
#define ROTARY_CLK 32
#define ROTARY_DT 33
#define ROTARY_SW 25
#define SWITCH_BACK 12
#define SWITCH_ACTIVATE 13
#define SWITCH_RESET 14

// Initialize OLED
Adafruit_GC9A01 display = Adafruit_GC9A01(OLED_CS, OLED_DC, OLED_RST);

// Initialize Rotary Encoder
Encoder encoder(ROTARY_CLK, ROTARY_DT);

// Menu Variables
int delayTime = 100;
int pulse1 = 40;
int pauseDuration = 20;
int pulse2 = 80;
int debounceProtocol = 500;

int menuIndex = 0;  // To track the current menu item

// Define min and max constants for menu variables
const int MIN_DELAY_TIME = 5;
const int MAX_DELAY_TIME = 3000;

const int MIN_PULSE1 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE1 = 5000;

const int MIN_PAUSE_DURATION = 5;
const int MAX_PAUSE_DURATION = 500;

const int MIN_PULSE2 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE2 = 5000;

const int MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 100;
const int MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 3000;

// Function to adjust menu items with constraints
void adjustMenuItem(int &amp;value, int increment, int minValue, int maxValue) {
    value += increment;
    if (value < minValue) {
        value = minValue;
    }
    if (value > maxValue) {
        value = maxValue;
    }
}

void setup() {
    pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(ROTARY_SW, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_BACK, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_ACTIVATE, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_RESET, INPUT_PULLUP);

    // Initialize display
    display.begin();
    display.setRotation(0);
    display.fillScreen(0);

    // Display initial menu
    displayMenu();

    // Initialize serial for debugging
    Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
    // Check button states
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
        delay(100);  // Basic debounce
        if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
            executePulseSequence();
        }
    }
  
    // Handle "Select" button logic for menu opening
    static unsigned long lastPress = 0;
    if (digitalRead(ROTARY_SW) == LOW) {
        if (millis() - lastPress > 2000) {
            openMenu();
        }
        lastPress = millis();
    }
  
    // Update display and handle rotary input
    handleRotaryEncoder();
}

void executePulseSequence() {
    // Ensure "Activate" is still held
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == HIGH) {
        return; // Exit if "Activate" is released
    }
  
    // Turn on LED to signal pulse start
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
  
    // Execute "Pulse Sequence"
    delay(delayTime);
    // Pulse 1
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(pulse1);
    // Pause Duration
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
    delay(pauseDuration);
    // Pulse 2
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(pulse2);
    // Debounce Protocol
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
    delay(debounceProtocol);
}

void displayMenu() {
    display.clearDisplay();
    display.setCursor(0, 0);
    display.setTextSize(1);
    display.setTextColor(WHITE);

    switch (menuIndex) {
        case 0:
            display.println("1. Delay Time: " + String(delayTime) + " ms");
            break;
        case 1:
            display.println("2. Pulse 1: " + String(pulse1) + " ms");
            break;
        case 2:
            display.println("3. Pause Duration: " + String(pauseDuration) + " ms");
            break;
        case 3:
            display.println("4. Pulse 2: " + String(pulse2) + " ms");
            break;
        case 4:
            display.println("5. Debounce Protocol: " + String(debounceProtocol) + " ms");
            break;
    }
    display.display();
}

void openMenu() {
    // Simple menu operation simulation for changing settings
    displayMenu();
    delay(500); // Small delay to allow reading
}

void handleRotaryEncoder() {
    long newPos = encoder.read();
    if (newPos != 0) {
        int increment = (newPos > 0) ? 1 : -1;
        switch (menuIndex) {
            case 0: // Delay Time
                adjustMenuItem(delayTime, increment, MIN_DELAY_TIME, MAX_DELAY_TIME);
                break;
            case 1: // Pulse 1
                adjustMenuItem(pulse1, increment, MIN_PULSE1, MAX_PULSE1);
                break;
            case 2: // Pause Duration
                adjustMenuItem(pauseDuration, increment, MIN_PAUSE_DURATION, MAX_PAUSE_DURATION);
                break;
            case 3: // Pulse 2
                adjustMenuItem(pulse2, increment, MIN_PULSE2, MAX_PULSE2);
                break;
            case 4: // Debounce Protocol
                adjustMenuItem(debounceProtocol, increment, MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL, MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL);
                break;
        }
        encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder position to zero
        displayMenu(); // Update display with the new value
    }
}
Key Points
  • Menu Navigation: I included a simple navigation and editing logic by changing menuIndex. This will allow you to scroll through menu items and adjust their values.
  • Display Management: The displayMenu() function now dynamically updates the OLED based on the selected menu index.
  • Debouncing: Basic delays for button debouncing are implemented; for robust debouncing, consider using a library.
  • Rotary Encoder Handling: Adjusts menu items based on encoder movement, resetting position after each change to simplify incremental changes.
This revised code should help you get a clearer understanding and smoother functionality. You can further refine and expand this based on functionality tests and more advanced requirements as you become more comfortable with coding. If you have more questions or need additional features, feel free to ask!
3mo
can you update the code to have the following: an output pin that will output the "pulse sequence" to make the mosfet gate driver do the same "pulse sequence". also, the switch named "RESET" is supposed to connect the reset pin on the esp32 to ground to make it go low in case i need to reset it for any reason.
3mo
Certainly! Let's update the code to include an output pin for the "pulse sequence" and clarify the handling for the "RESET" switch.
Updates
  1. Pulse Sequence Output Pin: We'll define an additional pin to output the pulse sequence for your MOSFET gate driver.
  2. RESET Switch: Since the RESET switch physically connects to the reset pin of the ESP32 (GPIO0), there's no code handling needed, as this is a hardware-only reset mechanism.
Here's the updated code:

Cpp


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

// Pin Definitions
#define RED_LED_PIN 26
#define PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN 27  // Define a pin for MOSFET gate driver output
#define OLED_CS 5
#define OLED_DC 2
#define OLED_RST 15
#define OLED_MOSI 23
#define OLED_CLK 18
#define ROTARY_CLK 32
#define ROTARY_DT 33
#define ROTARY_SW 25
#define SWITCH_BACK 12
#define SWITCH_ACTIVATE 13
#define SWITCH_RESET 0  // (This is for your reference; handling reset in hardware)

// Initialize OLED
Adafruit_GC9A01 display = Adafruit_GC9A01(OLED_CS, OLED_DC, OLED_RST);

// Initialize Rotary Encoder
Encoder encoder(ROTARY_CLK, ROTARY_DT);

// Menu Variables
int delayTime = 100;
int pulse1 = 40;
int pauseDuration = 20;
int pulse2 = 80;
int debounceProtocol = 500;

int menuIndex = 0;  // To track the current menu item

// Define min and max constants for menu variables
const int MIN_DELAY_TIME = 5;
const int MAX_DELAY_TIME = 3000;

const int MIN_PULSE1 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE1 = 5000;

const int MIN_PAUSE_DURATION = 5;
const int MAX_PAUSE_DURATION = 500;

const int MIN_PULSE2 = 10;
const int MAX_PULSE2 = 5000;

const int MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 100;
const int MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL = 3000;

// Function to adjust menu items with constraints
void adjustMenuItem(int &amp;value, int increment, int minValue, int maxValue) {
    value += increment;
    if (value < minValue) {
        value = minValue;
    }
    if (value > maxValue) {
        value = maxValue;
    }
}

void setup() {
    pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(ROTARY_SW, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_BACK, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_ACTIVATE, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(SWITCH_RESET, INPUT_PULLUP);  // No handling needed in code
    // Initialize display
    display.begin();
    display.setRotation(0);
    display.fillScreen(0);

    // Display initial menu
    displayMenu();

    // Initialize serial for debugging
    Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
    // Check button states
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
        delay(100);  // Basic debounce
        if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == LOW) {
            executePulseSequence();
        }
    }
  
    // Handle "Select" button logic for menu opening
    static unsigned long lastPress = 0;
    if (digitalRead(ROTARY_SW) == LOW) {
        if (millis() - lastPress > 2000) {
            openMenu();
        }
        lastPress = millis();
    }
  
    // Update display and handle rotary input
    handleRotaryEncoder();
}

void executePulseSequence() {
    // Ensure "Activate" is still held
    if (digitalRead(SWITCH_ACTIVATE) == HIGH) {
        return; // Exit if "Activate" is released
    }
  
    // Turn on LED to signal pulse start
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN, LOW);  // Start with the pin in low state

    // Execute "Pulse Sequence"
    delay(delayTime);
    // Pulse 1
    digitalWrite(PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(pulse1);
    // Pause Duration
    digitalWrite(PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN, LOW);
    delay(pauseDuration);
    // Pulse 2
    digitalWrite(PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(pulse2);
    // Debounce Protocol
    digitalWrite(PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN, LOW);
    delay(debounceProtocol);
  
    // Turn off LED at the end of the sequence
    digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
}

void displayMenu() {
    display.clearDisplay();
    display.setCursor(0, 0);
    display.setTextSize(1);
    display.setTextColor(WHITE);

    switch (menuIndex) {
        case 0:
            display.println("1. Delay Time: " + String(delayTime) + " ms");
            break;
        case 1:
            display.println("2. Pulse 1: " + String(pulse1) + " ms");
            break;
        case 2:
            display.println("3. Pause Duration: " + String(pauseDuration) + " ms");
            break;
        case 3:
            display.println("4. Pulse 2: " + String(pulse2) + " ms");
            break;
        case 4:
            display.println("5. Debounce Protocol: " + String(debounceProtocol) + " ms");
            break;
    }
    display.display();
}

void openMenu() {
    // Simple menu operation simulation for changing settings
    displayMenu();
    delay(500); // Small delay to allow reading
}

void handleRotaryEncoder() {
    long newPos = encoder.read();
    if (newPos != 0) {
        int increment = (newPos > 0) ? 1 : -1;
        switch (menuIndex) {
            case 0: // Delay Time
                adjustMenuItem(delayTime, increment, MIN_DELAY_TIME, MAX_DELAY_TIME);
                break;
            case 1: // Pulse 1
                adjustMenuItem(pulse1, increment, MIN_PULSE1, MAX_PULSE1);
                break;
            case 2: // Pause Duration
                adjustMenuItem(pauseDuration, increment, MIN_PAUSE_DURATION, MAX_PAUSE_DURATION);
                break;
            case 3: // Pulse 2
                adjustMenuItem(pulse2, increment, MIN_PULSE2, MAX_PULSE2);
                break;
            case 4: // Debounce Protocol
                adjustMenuItem(debounceProtocol, increment, MIN_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL, MAX_DEBOUNCE_PROTOCOL);
                break;
        }
        encoder.write(0); // Reset encoder position to zero
        displayMenu(); // Update display with the new value
    }
}
Key Changes
  • PULSE_OUTPUT_PIN: Added a definition for the output pin connected to the MOSFET gate driver. It's set to low at the start of the sequence, toggles high during pulses, and returns to low after completion.
  • SWITCH_RESET: It's recommended to connect the reset switch directly from the EN (enable) or RST pin to ground on the hardware for a physical reset. No code handling is needed; ensure your wiring matches this setup.
This version should now handle driving both the on-board signaling LED and provide an output for your MOSFET gate driver with the specified pulse sequence. If you need further clarification or additional features, feel free to ask!
3mo
suggest gate driver for irf9540
suggest gate driver for irf9540
1y
1y
Hello! How can I assist you with your project today?
1y
The IRF9540 is a P-Channel Power MOSFET capable of switching high speed and high voltage loads with efficient power management. Here are some general suggestions on how to drive the IRF9540 with a supply voltage ranging from 12V to 50V:
  1. Gate Drive Circuitry: The gate of a MOSFET behaves like a capacitor to the driver circuit. So, to switch the MOSFET on and off, you'll need to charge and discharge this capacitance. High gate drive currents should be used for fast switching times.
  2. Gate Drive Voltage (Vgs): The IRF9540 has a gate threshold voltage (Vgs(th)) between 2V to 4V. However, this is the voltage at which the device just begins to turn on. For full conduction, a higher Vgs is necessary. In your case, if you're driving the MOSFET at between 12V to 50V, you'll have to ensure that the gate is adequately driven to a higher voltage for full saturation.
  3. Gate Protection: A zener diode can be used between the gate and source to protect the gate from overvoltage. The zener voltage should be selected to be less than the maximum Vgs for the MOSFET.
  4. Driver ICs: Consider using a gate drive IC to provide the necessary drive current and protection features. Driver ICs can handle the requirements of charging and discharging the gate capacitance and often include under-voltage lockout, over-current protection, and thermal shutdown.
Please remember to consult the datasheet and any relevant application notes to ensure you are properly driving the device within its specifications.
For a specific circuit design or more detailed advice, additional information about the load and the rest of your circuit would be required.
1y
irf9540 driving suggestions at 12 to 50vdc
1y