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7805 Voltage Regulator Overview

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Below is a detailed explanation for U3, which is used in this design as U3:

Purpose and Key Functions

The 7805 is a three-terminal linear voltage regulator designed to output a fixed 5 V supply from a higher, unregulated input (typically 8–18 V).
It functions as a simple, low-noise supply that maintains a constant output voltage even when the input voltage or load current varies.
Key functions include built-in thermal overload protection and short-circuit limiting, which protect both the regulator and the load.

Operating Characteristics and Circuit Operation

Operating Principle: The 7805 works by dissipating excess voltage as heat. It uses an internal error amplifier, reference voltage, and pass transistor to maintain regulation.
Required Supporting Components:
- An input capacitor (commonly around 0.33 µF) placed between the input and ground helps to filter transients.
- An output capacitor (around 0.1 µF) at the output improves transient response and stability.
Notable Characteristics:
- It can supply up to 1.5 A (depending on package thermal limits) and exhibits a typical dropout voltage of about 2.0 V at higher load currents.
- Its quiescent current is relatively low, and load regulation is typically within a few tens of millivolts.
- It is usually housed in a TO-220 package, making it suitable for applications requiring effective heat dissipation.

Common Applications

The 7805 is widely used in power supply circuits for electronics, such as microcontroller systems, sensors, and other digital circuits that require a reliable 5 V rail.
Its reliability and ease of use make it a popular choice for prototyping and low-cost consumer electronics.

Family or Series – The 78xx Series

The 7805 is part of the 78xx family of fixed linear voltage regulators, where the “xx” indicates the output voltage. For example:
- 7805: Provides 5 V
- 7809: Provides 9 V
- 7812: Provides 12 V
Key Differences and Variations:
- Output Voltage: While the 7805 is fixed at 5 V, other members deliver different output voltages using a similar internal design.
- Load Current and Dropout: Although many 78xx regulators share similar characteristics, variations exist in maximum current ratings and dropout voltage levels. Some modern versions may have slightly improved thermal performance or lower dropout voltages.
- Packaging Options: They are available in different packages (e.g., TO-220, TO-3) depending on the application and heat-sinking requirements.
Typical Use Cases Comparison:
- Designers choose the 7805 when a 5 V supply is needed, especially when simplicity and low noise are more critical than efficiency.
- In contrast, for battery-powered or high-efficiency applications where power dissipation is a concern, switching regulators might be preferred despite the higher complexity.

This comprehensive overview illustrates how U3 serves as a robust and straightforward voltage regulator within circuits, and how its characteristics fit within the broader 78xx family of regulators.

Capacitor Recommendations

Heatsink Size Inquiry

Comparison with Switching Regs

78xx Series Distinctions

PCB Layout Guidelines

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Ready.

MotorA_IN1

MotorB_IN1

MotorA_IN2

QTR1

MotorB_IN1

MotorB_IN2

QTR2

MotorB_IN2

IBUS_TX

IBUS_RX

MotorA_IN2

J11

+VBAT

+3.3V

R17

Resistance

20K Ω

R11

Resistance

20K Ω

R14

Resistance

10K Ω

R16

Resistance

10K Ω

R10

Resistance

10K Ω

R13

Resistance

20K Ω

+5V

+3.3V

+VBAT

+3.3V

Resistance

2 Ω

J12

+5V

Resistance

10K Ω

R15

Resistance

20K Ω

+5V

J10

R12

Resistance

10K Ω

Capacitance

Manufacturer Part Number

ESP32-DEVKIT-V1

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Design Rule Checks

Overlapping Copper • 30

Des	Net	Des	Net
Trace 4f9c	Net - (3e8f - 52f6)	Trace 9334	Net 1
Trace 33df	Net - (6c48 - 40c3)	R4:P1	None
Trace 789f	Net - (6c48 - 40c3)	R4:P1	None
Trace ac9a	Net - (6c48 - 40c3)	R4:P1	None
Trace 3b24	Net - (7228 - f0c9)	J3:PIN1	None
Trace 3b24	Net - (7228 - f0c9)	SW8:2	None
Trace 6f33	Net - (7889 - 40c3)	J7:PIN2	None
Trace 8960	Net - (b172 - 40c3)	J12:PIN2	None
Trace 2c18	Net - (e3a7 - b99f)	SW8:1	None
Trace 7a44	Net - (e3a7 - b99f)	D1:A	None
Trace 11f3	Net - (e3a7 - b99f)	D1:A	None
Trace 5c2d	Net - (f082 - 40c3)	R12:P1	None
Trace 2428	Net - (f082 - 40c3)	R12:P1	None
Trace ea9d	Net - (f082 - 40c3)	J10:PIN2	None
Trace c82c	Net - (fd0a - b714)	J14:Pin_1	None
J3:PIN1	None	Trace a5f7	Net - (7228 - f0c9)
J6:PIN2	None	Trace 74e1	Net - (6c48 - 40c3)
J9:PIN2	None	Trace 47f0	Net - (31ad - 40c3)
J11:PIN2	None	Trace 1891	Net - (0651 - 40c3)
J11:PIN2	None	Trace a337	Net - (0651 - 40c3)
R6:P1	None	Trace 9ede	Net - (7889 - 40c3)
R6:P1	None	Trace ca58	Net - (7889 - 40c3)
R10:P1	None	Trace 7d23	Net - (31ad - 40c3)
R10:P1	None	Trace d5eb	Net - (31ad - 40c3)
R12:P1	None	Trace fa4d	Net - (f082 - 40c3)
R14:P1	None	Trace a337	Net - (0651 - 40c3)
R16:P1	None	Trace 983b	Net - (b172 - 40c3)
R16:P1	None	Trace 7371	Net - (b172 - 40c3)
R19:P1	None	Trace 4ae1	Net - (fd0a - b714)
R19:P1	None	Trace c82c	Net - (fd0a - b714)

Invalid Layer

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Component Overrides • 7

	Designator	Ruleset
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊
	＊｀REF｀＊	Override rule for ＊｀REF｀＊

Airwires

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Deprecated Rules

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Layers with Multiple Fills

Reports layers that have multiple copper fills of different nets. Make sure the Connected Layers rule value of nets with fills is valid.

Floating Copper

Detect any via, trace or copper fill island that is not connected to any net.

Protected Intrusions

Reports intrusions from objects of other nets into polygons or fills that have the Protected layout rule applied.

Manufacturing

Manufacturer Part Number • 32

	Designator	MPN
	M2 Mounting Hole	None
	M2 Mounting Hole	None
	M2 Mounting Hole	None
	M2 Mounting Hole	None
	C3	None
	C4	None
	J4	None
	J5	None
	J13	None
	J14	None
	R1	None
	R2	None
	R3	None
	R4	None
	R5	None
	R6	None
	R7	None
	R8	None
	R9	None
	R10	None
	R11	None
	R12	None
	R13	None
	R14	None
	R15	None
	R16	None
	R17	None
	R18	None
	R19	None
	SW1	None
	SW2	None
	SW3	None

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Capacitor Voltage Rating

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Ground
A common return path for electric current. Commonly known as ground.
jharwinbarrozo
20.5M
Net Portal
Wirelessly connects nets on schematic. Used to organize schematics and separate functional blocks. To wirelessly connect net portals, give them same designator. #portal
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43.0M
Power Net Portal
Wirelessly connects power nets on schematic. Identical to the net portal, but with a power symbol. Used to organize schematics and separate functional blocks. To wirelessly connect power net portals, give them the same designator. #portal #power
jharwinbarrozo
11.4M
Generic Resistor
A generic fixed resistor for rapid developing circuit topology. Save precious design time by seamlessly add more information to this part (value, footprint, etc.) as it becomes available. Standard resistor values: 1.0Ω 10Ω 100Ω 1.0kΩ 10kΩ 100kΩ 1.0MΩ 1.1Ω 11Ω 110Ω 1.1kΩ 11kΩ 110kΩ 1.1MΩ 1.2Ω 12Ω 120Ω 1.2kΩ 12kΩ 120kΩ 1.2MΩ 1.3Ω 13Ω 130Ω 1.3kΩ 13kΩ 130kΩ 1.3MΩ 1.5Ω 15Ω 150Ω 1.5kΩ 15kΩ 150kΩ 1.5MΩ 1.6Ω 16Ω 160Ω 1.6kΩ 16kΩ 160kΩ 1.6MΩ 1.8Ω 18Ω 180Ω 1.8KΩ 18kΩ 180kΩ 1.8MΩ 2.0Ω 20Ω 200Ω 2.0kΩ 20kΩ 200kΩ 2.0MΩ 2.2Ω 22Ω 220Ω 2.2kΩ 22kΩ 220kΩ 2.2MΩ 2.4Ω 24Ω 240Ω 2.4kΩ 24kΩ 240kΩ 2.4MΩ 2.7Ω 27Ω 270Ω 2.7kΩ 27kΩ 270kΩ 2.7MΩ 3.0Ω 30Ω 300Ω 3.0KΩ 30KΩ 300KΩ 3.0MΩ 3.3Ω 33Ω 330Ω 3.3kΩ 33kΩ 330kΩ 3.3MΩ 3.6Ω 36Ω 360Ω 3.6kΩ 36kΩ 360kΩ 3.6MΩ 3.9Ω 39Ω 390Ω 3.9kΩ 39kΩ 390kΩ 3.9MΩ 4.3Ω 43Ω 430Ω 4.3kΩ 43KΩ 430KΩ 4.3MΩ 4.7Ω 47Ω 470Ω 4.7kΩ 47kΩ 470kΩ 4.7MΩ 5.1Ω 51Ω 510Ω 5.1kΩ 51kΩ 510kΩ 5.1MΩ 5.6Ω 56Ω 560Ω 5.6kΩ 56kΩ 560kΩ 5.6MΩ 6.2Ω 62Ω 620Ω 6.2kΩ 62KΩ 620KΩ 6.2MΩ 6.8Ω 68Ω 680Ω 6.8kΩ 68kΩ 680kΩ 6.8MΩ 7.5Ω 75Ω 750Ω 7.5kΩ 75kΩ 750kΩ 7.5MΩ 8.2Ω 82Ω 820Ω 8.2kΩ 82kΩ 820kΩ 8.2MΩ 9.1Ω 91Ω 910Ω 9.1kΩ 91kΩ 910kΩ 9.1MΩ #generics #CommonPartsLibrary
jharwinbarrozo
1.5M
Generic Capacitor
A generic fixed capacitor ideal for rapid circuit topology development. You can choose between polarized and non-polarized types, its symbol and the footprint will automatically adapt based on your selection. Supported options include standard SMD sizes for ceramic capacitors (e.g., 0402, 0603, 0805), SMD sizes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and through-hole footprints for polarized capacitors. Save precious design time by seamlessly add more information to this part (value, footprint, etc.) as it becomes available. Standard capacitor values: 1.0pF 10pF 100pF 1000pF 0.01uF 0.1uF 1.0uF 10uF 100uF 1000uF 10,000uF 1.1pF 11pF 110pF 1100pF 1.2pF 12pF 120pF 1200pF 1.3pF 13pF 130pF 1300pF 1.5pF 15pF 150pF 1500pF 0.015uF 0.15uF 1.5uF 15uF 150uF 1500uF 1.6pF 16pF 160pF 1600pF 1.8pF 18pF 180pF 1800pF 2.0pF 20pF 200pF 2000pF 2.2pF 22pF 20pF 2200pF 0.022uF 0.22uF 2.2uF 22uF 220uF 2200uF 2.4pF 24pF 240pF 2400pF 2.7pF 27pF 270pF 2700pF 3.0pF 30pF 300pF 3000pF 3.3pF 33pF 330pF 3300pF 0.033uF 0.33uF 3.3uF 33uF 330uF 3300uF 3.6pF 36pF 360pF 3600pF 3.9pF 39pF 390pF 3900pF 4.3pF 43pF 430pF 4300pF 4.7pF 47pF 470pF 4700pF 0.047uF 0.47uF 4.7uF 47uF 470uF 4700uF 5.1pF 51pF 510pF 5100pF 5.6pF 56pF 560pF 5600pF 6.2pF 62pF 620pF 6200pF 6.8pF 68pF 680pF 6800pF 0.068uF 0.68uF 6.8uF 68uF 680uF 6800uF 7.5pF 75pF 750pF 7500pF 8.2pF 82pF 820pF 8200pF 9.1pF 91pF 910pF 9100pF #generics #CommonPartsLibrary
jharwinbarrozo
1.5M
Generic Inductor
A generic fixed inductor for rapid developing circuit topology. *You can now change the footprint and 3D model at the top level anytime you want. This is the power of #generics
jharwinbarrozo
15.1k
Terminal
An electrical connector acting as reusable interface to a conductor and creating a point where external circuits can be connected.
natarius
RMCF0805JT47K0
47 kOhms ±5% 0.125W, 1/8W Chip Resistor 0805 (2012 Metric) Automotive AEC-Q200 Thick Film #forLedBlink
jharwinbarrozo
1.2M
875105359001
10uF Capacitor Aluminum Polymer 20% 16V SMD 5x5.3mm #forLedBlink #commonpartslibrary #capacitor #aluminumpolymer #radialcan
jharwinbarrozo
1.2M
CTL1206FYW1T
Yellow 595nm LED Indication - Discrete 1.7V 1206 (3216 Metric) #forLedBlink
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1.1M

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