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Hi Bro
This is interesting
2y
2y
Hello! How can I help you with the buffered-mult project? If you have any questions about components, pins, or nets, please feel free to ask.
2y
Hi Bro
2y
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1
what USB version does a b and c use
what are the usb differential pairs?
2y
@copilot what USB version does a b and c use
2y
USB Type-A, Type-B, and Type-C connectors refer to the physical shape and layout of the connector, not the USB version. Each of these types of connectors has been used with various USB versions throughout the years. The USB versions are usually associated with the data transfer speed and power delivery capabilities, like USB 1.0, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, USB 3.1, and USB 4.
Here are some examples:
- USB Type-A connectors can be found in USB 1.0, USB 2.0, or USB 3.0 versions.
- USB Type-B connectors can also be used in USB 1.0, USB 2.0, or USB 3.0 versions, but typically in peripherals such as printers, scanners, or hard drives.
- USB Type-C connectors are generally associated with USB 3.1, USB 3.2, and USB 4, but they can also be used with USB 2.0 devices.
Keep in mind that the USB protocol/version and the physical connector type are separate aspects, and you should check both to determine the compatibility of the devices you are connecting.
2y
What are the impedance requirements for USB 3.2 connections
2y
USB 3.2 connections, which can support data transfer rates of up to 20 Gbps (in the case of USB 3.2 Gen 2x2), have specific impedance requirements to ensure signal integrity and reliable data transmission. They use differential signaling, so impedance control is essential.
For high-speed USB 3.2 connections, the following impedance requirements apply:
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Differential impedance: The target for the differential impedance of the USB 3.2 transmission lines, which include the USB 3.2 cable and PCB traces, is typically around 90 ohms (with a common range of ±10%, meaning 81 to 99 ohms).
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Single-ended impedance: The single-ended impedance of each trace in the differential pair should be controlled as well. For USB 3.2, the target single-ended impedance is typically around 45 ohms (with a common range of ±10%, meaning 40.5 to 49.5 ohms).
To achieve these impedance values, careful consideration must be given to factors such as trace width, spacing between the differential pair, and the dielectric material and thickness between the signal trace and reference planes.
Additionally, maintaining signal integrity often requires implementing techniques such as length matching within the differential pairs, impedance control during PCB fabrication, minimizing the use of vias and stubs, and considering proper terminations for the traces.
2y
what are the USB differential pairs?
2y
In USB data communication, differential pairs are sets of two closely coupled traces or wires that carry complementary signals. These pairs are designed to improve signal integrity and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). In USB, there are different types of differential pairs depending on the USB version and connector being used.
For USB 1.x and USB 2.0:
- D+ and D-: These are the data lines that handle the bi-directional, differential signaling for low-speed (1.5 Mbps), full-speed (12 Mbps), and high-speed (480 Mbps) communication.
For USB 3.x (including USB 3.2):
- Tx+ and Tx-: The SuperSpeed transmit differential pair, which handles data transmission from the host to the device.
- Rx+ and Rx-: The SuperSpeed receive differential pair, which handles data transmission from the device to the host.
These SuperSpeed differential pairs are used in addition to the D+ and D- lines from USB 2.0 to support the higher data rates (5, 10, or 20 Gbps) of USB 3.x standards.
When designing PCBs or cables for USB applications, it's important to maintain proper impedance matching, spacing, and trace lengths for the differential pairs to ensure reliable data transmission and minimize signal degradation.
2y
what are the impedance requements for Rx+/- and Tx+/-?
2y
@copilot said For USB 3.x differential pairs, including Tx+/- and Rx+/-, the impedance requirements are essential to ensure signal integrity and reliable data transmission at higher speeds.
The impedance requirements for USB 3.x (including USB 3.2) differential pairs are as follows:
-
Differential impedance: The target for the differential impedance of the USB 3.x transmission lines, such as the Tx+/- and Rx+/- pairs in cables and PCB traces, is typically around 90 ohms (with a common range of ±10%, meaning 81 to 99 ohms).
-
Single-ended impedance: The single-ended impedance of each trace in the differential pair should be controlled as well. For USB 3.x, the target single-ended impedance is typically around 45 ohms (with a common range of ±10%, meaning 40.5 to 49.5 ohms).
To achieve these impedance values, careful consideration must be given to factors such as trace width, spacing between the differential pair traces, the dielectric material, and the thickness between the signal trace and reference planes.
Designers must also ensure proper signal integrity by implementing techniques like length matching within the differential pairs, controlling impedance during PCB fabrication, minimizing the use of vias and stubs, and applying proper terminations for the traces.
2y
how do you control single ended impedance?
2y
@copilot said Controlling single-ended impedance is a critical aspect of high-speed digital signal integrity in PCB design. Single-ended impedance is the characteristic impedance of an individual signal trace with respect to a reference plane, such as a ground plane. Here are some key steps to help you control single-ended impedance:
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Material selection: Choose a suitable PCB substrate material with consistent and well-characterized dielectric properties. Materials such as FR4, Isola, or Rogers have different dielectric constants and loss tangents, which can impact the impedance of your traces.
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Trace width and thickness: Adjust your signal trace width and thickness according to the PCB stack-up and target impedance. Wider traces typically result in lower impedance, while narrower traces have higher impedance. Thicker traces will also affect impedance control.
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Dielectric thickness: The thickness of the dielectric material between your signal trace and the reference plane also influences impedance. As you increase the distance between the signal trace and the reference plane, the impedance will increase.
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Ground plane placement: Ensure that you have a solid, continuous ground plane under the signal traces to provide a stable reference. Proper ground plane placement can help in maintaining a consistent impedance for single-ended traces.
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Controlled impedance fabrication: Work with your PCB manufacturer to ensure controlled impedance fabrication of your board. Share your impedance requirements with them and make sure they have the right capabilities and processes to ensure accurate and consistent impedance control.
To calculate the impedance, you can use online impedance calculators or simulation tools like HyperLynx SI or Ansys SIwave. Also, consider running signal integrity simulations to ensure that you have met the impedance requirements in your design for signal traces and reference planes.
Remember to always follow best practices for high-speed design, routing, and layout to preserve signal integrity and minimize unwanted effects, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and signal degradation.
2y
are d+ and d- a differential pair?
2y
@copilot Yes, D+ and D- are a differential pair in USB 1.x and USB 2.0 data communication. They are the data lines that handle bi-directional, differential signaling for low-speed (1.5 Mbps), full-speed (12 Mbps), and high-speed (480 Mbps) communication. By using differential signaling, this pair helps improve signal integrity, reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), and maintain data transmission reliability. When designing PCBs or cables with USB interfaces, it's important to maintain proper impedance matching, spacing, and trace lengths for the D+ and D- differential pair.
2y
Someone is typing...
3
IN
-12V
OUT2
-
IN
J_POWER
IN
OUT3
+12V
IN
+
OUT2
OUT1
IN
OUT1
OUT4
-12V
OUT3
OUT4
+12V
IN_1
J_OUT_1
C4
Capacitance
0.1uF
R4
Resistance
100kΩ
R6
Resistance
402 Ω
R5
Resistance
360 Ω
R2
Resistance
1000 Ω
C2
Capacitance
10uF
U1
End of Life
J_OUT_2
R3
Resistance
1000 Ω
C3
Capacitance
0.1uF
C1
Capacitance
10uF
R1
Resistance
1000 Ω
J_OUT_3
Reviews
- Wirelessly connects nets on schematic. Used to organize schematics and separate functional blocks. To wirelessly connect net portals, give them same designator. #portaljharwinbarrozo43.0M
- Wirelessly connects power nets on schematic. Identical to the net portal, but with a power symbol. Used to organize schematics and separate functional blocks. To wirelessly connect power net portals, give them the same designator. #portal #powerjharwinbarrozo11.4M
- A generic fixed resistor ideal for rapid circuit topology development. Its footprint automatically adapts based on the selected package case code—supporting 0402, 0603, 0805, 1203, and many other standard SMD packages, as well as axial horizontal and vertical configurations. Save precious design time by seamlessly add more information to this part (value, footprint, etc.) as it becomes available. Standard resistor values: 1.0 ohm, 10 ohm, 100 ohm, 1.0k ohm, 10k ohm, 100k ohm, 1.0M ohm 1.1 ohm, 11 ohm, 110 ohm, 1.1k ohm, 11k ohm, 110k ohm, 1.1M ohm 1.2 ohm, 12 ohm, 120 ohm, 1.2k ohm, 12k ohm, 120k ohm, 1.2M ohm 1.3 ohm, 13 ohm, 130 ohm, 1.3k ohm, 13k ohm, 130k ohm, 1.3M ohm 1.5 ohm, 15 ohm, 150 ohm, 1.5k ohm, 15k ohm, 150k ohm, 1.5M ohm 1.6 ohm, 16 ohm, 160 ohm, 1.6k ohm, 16k ohm, 160k ohm, 1.6M ohm 1.8 ohm, 18 ohm, 180 ohm, 1.8K ohm, 18k ohm, 180k ohm, 1.8M ohm 2.0 ohm, 20 ohm, 200 ohm, 2.0k ohm, 20k ohm, 200k ohm, 2.0M ohm 2.2 ohm, 22 ohm, 220 ohm, 2.2k ohm, 22k ohm, 220k ohm, 2.2M ohm 2.4 ohm, 24 ohm, 240 ohm, 2.4k ohm, 24k ohm, 240k ohm, 2.4M ohm 2.7 ohm, 27 ohm, 270 ohm, 2.7k ohm, 27k ohm, 270k ohm, 2.7M ohm 3.0 ohm, 30 ohm, 300 ohm, 3.0K ohm, 30K ohm, 300K ohm, 3.0M ohm 3.3 ohm, 33 ohm, 330 ohm, 3.3k ohm, 33k ohm, 330k ohm, 3.3M ohm 3.6 ohm, 36 ohm, 360 ohm, 3.6k ohm, 36k ohm, 360k ohm, 3.6M ohm 3.9 ohm, 39 ohm, 390 ohm, 3.9k ohm, 39k ohm, 390k ohm, 3.9M ohm 4.3 ohm, 43 ohm, 430 ohm, 4.3k ohm, 43K ohm, 430K ohm, 4.3M ohm 4.7 ohm, 47 ohm, 470 ohm, 4.7k ohm, 47k ohm, 470k ohm, 4.7M ohm 5.1 ohm, 51 ohm, 510 ohm, 5.1k ohm, 51k ohm, 510k ohm, 5.1M ohm 5.6 ohm, 56 ohm, 560 ohm, 5.6k ohm, 56k ohm, 560k ohm, 5.6M ohm 6.2 ohm, 62 ohm, 620 ohm, 6.2k ohm, 62K ohm, 620K ohm, 6.2M ohm 6.8 ohm, 68 ohm, 680 ohm, 6.8k ohm, 68k ohm, 680k ohm, 6.8M ohm 7.5 ohm, 75 ohm, 750 ohm, 7.5k ohm, 75k ohm, 750k ohm, 7.5M ohm 8.2 ohm, 82 ohm, 820 ohm, 8.2k ohm, 82k ohm, 820k ohm, 8.2M ohm 9.1 ohm, 91 ohm, 910 ohm, 9.1k ohm, 91k ohm, 910k ohm, 9.1M ohm #generics #CommonPartsLibraryjharwinbarrozo1.5M
- A generic fixed capacitor ideal for rapid circuit topology development. You can choose between polarized and non-polarized types, its symbol and the footprint will automatically adapt based on your selection. Supported options include standard SMD sizes for ceramic capacitors (e.g., 0402, 0603, 0805), SMD sizes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and through-hole footprints for polarized capacitors. Save precious design time by seamlessly add more information to this part (value, footprint, etc.) as it becomes available. Standard capacitor values: 1.0pF, 10pF, 100pF, 1000pF, 0.01uF, 0.1uF, 1.0uF, 10uF, 100uF, 1000uF, 10000uF 1.1pF, 11pF, 110pF, 1100pF 1.2pF, 12pF, 120pF, 1200pF 1.3pF, 13pF, 130pF, 1300pF 1.5pF, 15pF, 150pF, 1500pF, 0.015uF, 0.15uF, 1.5uF, 15uF, 150uF, 1500uF 1.6pF, 16pF, 160pF, 1600pF 1.8pF, 18pF, 180pF, 1800pF 2.0pF, 20pF, 200pF, 2000pF 2.2pF, 22pF, 220pF, 2200pF, 0.022uF, 0.22uF, 2.2uF, 22uF, 220uF, 2200uF 2.4pF, 24pF, 240pF, 2400pF 2.7pF, 27pF, 270pF, 2700pF 3.0pF, 30pF, 300pF, 3000pF 3.3pF, 33pF, 330pF, 3300pF, 0.033uF, 0.33uF, 3.3uF, 33uF, 330uF, 3300uF 3.6pF, 36pF, 360pF, 3600pF 3.9pF, 39pF, 390pF, 3900pF 4.3pF, 43pF, 430pF, 4300pF 4.7pF, 47pF, 470pF, 4700pF, 0.047uF, 0.47uF, 4.7uF, 47uF, 470uF, 4700uF 5.1pF, 51pF, 510pF, 5100pF 5.6pF, 56pF, 560pF, 5600pF 6.2pF, 62pF, 620pF, 6200pF 6.8pF, 68pF, 680pF, 6800pF, 0.068uF, 0.68uF, 6.8uF, 68uF, 680uF, 6800uF 7.5pF, 75pF, 750pF, 7500pF 8.2pF, 82pF, 820pF, 8200pF 9.1pF, 91pF, 910pF, 9100pF #generics #CommonPartsLibraryjharwinbarrozo1.5M
- A generic fixed inductor suitable for rapid circuit topology development. The footprint automatically adapts based on the selected package, supporting standard SMD sizes (e.g., 0402, 0603, 0805) as well as well-known inductor packages such as SDR1806, PA4320, SRN6028, and SRR1260. Standard inductor values: 1.0 nH, 10 nH, 100 nH, 1.0 µH, 10 µH, 100 µH, 1.0 mH 1.2 nH, 12 nH, 120 nH, 1.2 µH, 12 µH, 120 µH, 1.2 mH 1.5 nH, 15 nH, 150 nH, 1.5 µH, 15 µH, 150 µH, 1.5 mH 1.8 nH, 18 nH, 180 nH, 1.8 µH, 18 µH, 180 µH, 1.8 mH 2.2 nH, 22 nH, 220 nH, 2.2 µH, 22 µH, 220 µH, 2.2 mH 2.7 nH, 27 nH, 270 nH, 2.7 µH, 27 µH, 270 µH, 2.7 mH 3.3 nH, 33 nH, 330 nH, 3.3 µH, 33 µH, 330 µH, 3.3 mH 3.9 nH, 39 nH, 390 nH, 3.9 µH, 39 µH, 390 µH, 3.9 mH 4.7 nH, 47 nH, 470 nH, 4.7 µH, 47 µH, 470 µH, 4.7 mH 5.6 nH, 56 nH, 560 nH, 5.6 µH, 56 µH, 560 µH, 5.6 mH 6.8 nH, 68 nH, 680 nH, 6.8 µH, 68 µH, 680 µH, 6.8 mH 8.2 nH, 82 nH, 820 nH, 8.2 µH, 82 µH, 820 µH, 8.2 mH #generics #CommonPartsLibraryjharwinbarrozo15.7k
- An electrical connector acting as reusable interface to a conductor and creating a point where external circuits can be connected.Terminal
- 47 kOhms ±5% 0.125W, 1/8W Chip Resistor 0805 (2012 Metric) Automotive AEC-Q200 Thick Film #forLedBlinkjharwinbarrozo1.2M
- 10uF Capacitor Aluminum Polymer 20% 16V SMD 5x5.3mm #forLedBlink #commonpartslibrary #capacitor #aluminumpolymer #radialcanjharwinbarrozo1.2M
- Yellow 595nm LED Indication - Discrete 1.7V 1206 (3216 Metric) #forLedBlinkjharwinbarrozo1.1M
buffered-mult
A simple 1-to-3 buffered mult - Eurorack-talk for an audio/CV distributor
The board itself is a 3U 4hp rack-mountable module
This circuit was designed by https://www.skullandcircuits.com/utilities-buffered-multiple/ and their T&Cs apply to commercial use (I built these for myself)
Properties
https://www.skullandcircuits.com/utilities-buffered-multiple/
Pricing & Availability
Distributor | Qty 1 |
|---|---|
Digi-Key | $1.83–$4.70 |
LCSC | $2.86–$4.10 |
Mouser | $2.10–$4.32 |
Controls
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