copilot

1. Microcontroller: Teensy 4.0
2. Multiplexers: Two 74HC4051 for analog input.
3. Potentiometers: 42 total, connected via multiplexers.
4. Envelope Followers: Uses analog pins A0, A1, A2, A3, A6, and A7.
5. Buttons: 6 SPST momentary buttons for control.
6. LEDs and Display: WS2812B LED Strip and SSD1306 OLED via I2C.
7. MIDI Interface: USB and MIDI DIN5 using an optocoupler.

• MUX A Control Pins: Connect $\text{TEENSY1:7}$, $8$, and $9$ to MUX A selection lines.
• MUX B Control Pins: Connect $\text{TEENSY1:10}$, $11$, and $12$ to MUX B selection lines.
• Shared ADC Input: Connect the output of both multiplexers to $\text{TEENSY1:A4}$.

• Connect envelope follower inputs to $\text{TEENSY1:A0}$, $A1$, $A2$, $A3$, $A6$, and $A7$.

• Assign each button to individual GPIO pins on the Teensy and enable internal pull-up resistors. Example: Connect button leads to pins $\text{TEENSY1:2}$ to $7$.

• WS2812B LED Strip: Connect data line to $\text{TEENSY1:6}$.
• OLED Display (I2C): Connect SDA to $\text{TEENSY1:18}$, SCL to $19$.

• MIDI OUT: Use a resistor to connect from TX pin $\text{TEENSY1:1}$ to the MIDI OUT jack.
• MIDI IN: Connect through an optocoupler like 6N138. The signal from the MIDI DIN5 IN jack should go through the optocoupler and connect to RX pin $\text{TEENSY1:0}$.

• Ensure all components that require power (such as the LED strip and the multiplexers) receive adequate power from the Teensy or an external source with appropriate voltage levels.

• Resistors: Use resistors for pull-ups, biasing, and signal limiting. The typical values you mentioned should suffice.
• Capacitors: Use for power decoupling near the Teensy and critical ICs for smooth operation.

bsev

copilot

• I listed the main components you will use in your MIDI controller, such as the Teensy microcontroller, multiplexers, potentiometers, envelope followers, buttons, LEDs, OLED display, and MIDI interface components. This gives a clear picture of the hardware involved.

• Control Pins: I specified which Teensy pins to connect to the control pins of the two 74HC4051 multiplexers. These pins will be used to control which block of potentiometers is active and which specific potentiometer is being read within that block.
• Shared ADC Input: I noted that the output from the multiplexers should connect to a single ADC input on the Teensy to read the potentiometer values.

• I indicated which analog pins on the Teensy correspond to the envelope followers. You'll connect the output of envelope following circuits to these pins.

• I suggested connecting each of your six buttons to individual GPIO pins on the Teensy for mode selection and other functions, making use of the Teensy’s internal pull-up resistors for simpler wiring.

• WS2812B LED Strip: I specified the Teensy pin for the data connection that controls the LED strip.
• OLED Display: I provided guidance on connecting the SDA and SCL pins for I2C communication with the OLED display.

• I described how to set up the MIDI OUT using a resistor for signal conditioning from a Teensy pin and how the MIDI IN should be connected through an optocoupler to the Teensy for isolation.

• I noted the importance of supplying power to all components, either directly from the Teensy or from an external power source, depending on their power requirements.

• I briefly mentioned the need for resistors for pull-ups, biasing, and signal conditioning, and capacitors for power decoupling, ensuring stable operation of the circuit components.

bsev

copilot

• Nets are foundational in schematics because they define electrical connections between pins of different components. They represent all the logical connections needed to make a circuit functional.

1. Net 1:
   • This net connects pins on the Teensy, specifically pins 10, 11, and 12. These connections seem to be linked with MIDI handling, given the components listed in your project.
2. Net 2:
   • This net connects other pins on the Teensy, namely pins 7, 8, and 9. These are used for the multiplexers, handling selection lines for controlling which potentiometer block is active.

bsev

copilot

1. MIDI Connections:
   • MIDI requires separate pins for input and output signals, largely to ensure proper data transmission and isolation between devices. Each function (e.g., MIDI IN and MIDI OUT) needs distinct signal paths.
2. Specific Signal Requirements:
   • MIDI OUT: This is generally driven from the Teensy’s TX pin and should not be netted with unrelated signals. It's meant to transmit MIDI data unique to that path.
   • MIDI IN: This involves an optocoupler for isolation and is connected to the RX pin. Similarly, it needs a distinct path as the data is unique to the MIDI input circuit.

• Signal Integrity: Each MIDI path $\text{(IN and OUT)}$ carries different data and must maintain its signal integrity.
• Isolation Requirements: MIDI IN typically uses an optocoupler to ensure electrical isolation for noise immunity and protection, which shouldn't be shared with other nets.
• Functional Clarity: Having distinct nets aids in debugging and understanding the exact behavior and flow of data.

bsev

copilot

1. MIDI OUT:
   • Connect the Teensy's TX pin directly to the MIDI OUT circuit via a resistor. This ensures the MIDI data intended for outgoing signals stays isolated and properly conditioned.
2. MIDI IN:
   • Connect the signal from the MIDI IN jack through an optocoupler (e.g., 6N138) to the Teensy’s RX pin. The optocoupler provides necessary isolation, ensuring that incoming MIDI data does not interfere with other circuits.

• Avoid grouping different signal paths unless purposefully connecting components with the same functionality (e.g., different control lines for multiplexers can be grouped logically if they serve the same function).
• Maintain distinct nets for different signal paths in schematics to ensure clarity, signal integrity, and functional correctness.

bsev

copilot

• Net 1 & Net 2 Adjustments:
  • Since specific MIDI pins and other signal lines should remain independent, ensure these nets are not indiscriminately grouping unrelated signals.
  • Focus on keeping distinct paths for MIDI IN and OUT, mux control lines, and envelope follower inputs.

1. Teensy 4.0 for MCU
   • Teensy 4.0: Continue using this as your main microcontroller.
2. Analog Multiplexers (74HC4051)
   • Two 74HC4051 Multiplexers for handling 42 potentiometers.
   • Connect Teensy pins 7, 8, and 9 to MUX A selection lines; 10, 11, and 12 to MUX B.
   • Route their combined output to Teensy's analog pin A4.
3. Potentiometers
   • 42 Potentiometers (10kΩ Linear): Each connected in blocks through multiplexers.
   • Ensure proper mapping in the firmware for reading positions corresponding to MIDI controls.
4. Momentary Buttons
   • 6 Momentary Buttons: Connect each button to separate GPIO pins on the Teensy with internal pull-ups enabled.
5. WS2812B LED Strip
   • 42 LEDs for visual feedback: Link data line to Teensy pin 6 and provide appropriate power and ground connections.
6. OLED Display (SSD1306, I2C)
   • 1 OLED Display: Connect SDA to Teensy pin 18 and SCL to pin 19 for I2C communication.
7. MIDI DIN5 Jacks and Circuitry
   • MIDI OUT: Connect MIDI OUT circuit from Teensy's pin 1 through a resistor.
   • MIDI IN: Route through an optocoupler, such as 6N138, for Teensy’s pin 0.
8. 1N4148 Diodes and Small Components
   • 1N4148 Diodes for debounce, if necessary.
   • Resistors and Capacitors for pull-up, signal limiting, and power decoupling near critical components.

• Supply appropriate power levels to each component.
• Ensure good grounding practices to prevent noise and interference.
• Reflect these updates in your schematic in Flux to visualize and ensure nothing is missed.