copilot

aadesh2005

copilot

1. Raspberry Pi Pico
2. SSD1306 OLED Display Module
3. Potentiometer
4. Breadboard and Jumper Wires

• SSD1306 OLED:
  • Connect VCC to Pico's 3V3 pin.
  • Connect GND to Pico's GND.
  • Connect SCL to Pico's I2C SCL (Pin GP5, default I2C1).
  • Connect SDA to Pico's I2C SDA (Pin GP4, default I2C1).
• Potentiometer:
  • Connect one side pin of the potentiometer to GND.
  • Connect the other side pin to 3V3.
  • Connect the middle pin (wiper) to one of the Pico's ADC pins (e.g., GP26).

Python
from machine import Pin, ADC, I2C
import ssd1306
import utime

# I2C setup for SSD1306
i2c = I2C(1, scl=Pin(5), sda=Pin(4))
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)

# ADC setup for Potentiometer
pot = ADC(Pin(26))

# Pong game variables
player_y = 32
ball_x = 64
ball_y = 32
ball_dx = 1
ball_dy = 1
paddle_height = 10

while True:
    # Read potentiometer value
    pot_val = pot.read_u16() # 16-bit value
    player_y = $$\left(\text{{pot_val}} \times 64\right) \mathbin{/} 65536$$ # Scale value to OLED height

    # Update ball position
    ball_x += ball_dx
    ball_y += ball_dy

    # Ball collision with top and bottom
    if ball_y <= 0 or ball_y >= 63:
        ball_dy = -ball_dy

    # Ball collision with paddle
    if ball_x <= 1 and (player_y <= ball_y <= player_y + paddle_height):
        ball_dx = -ball_dx

    # Ball goes out of bounds
    if ball_x < 0 or ball_x > 127:
        ball_x, ball_y = 64, 32  # Reset ball position

    # Clear OLED display
    oled.fill(0)

    # Draw paddle
    oled.rect(0, player_y, 2, paddle_height, 1)

    # Draw ball
    oled.pixel(ball_x, ball_y, 1)

    # Update OLED display
    oled.show()

    # Short delay
    utime.sleep(0.01)

1. I2C Setup: Initializes the I2C interface and the OLED display.
2. ADC Setup: Reads values from the potentiometer.
3. Game Logic: Handles the movement of the paddle and ball, as well as collision detection.
4. Display Update: Clears and updates the OLED display with the new positions of the paddle and ball.

• Enhancements: Add advanced features like score tracking, increasing difficulty, etc.
• Optimization: Fine-tune the game's performance by optimizing the rendering loop.
• Debugging: Test and debug the system for any logic or hardware issues.

aadesh2005

copilot

• VCC to Pico's 3V3 pin.
• GND to Pico's GND.
• SCL to Pico's I2C SCL (Pin GP5, I2C1).
• SDA to Pico's I2C SDA (Pin GP4, I2C1).

• One side pin to GND.
• The other side pin to 3V3.
• Middle pin (wiper) to one of the Pico's ADC pins (e.g., GP26).

• Clone or download the SSD1306 library and integrate it with your Pico project.

Cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)

# Initialize Pico SDK
include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)

project(pico_pong)

# Set necessary flags and libraries
pico_sdk_init()

add_executable(pico_pong
    main.c
    ssd1306.c
)

target_link_libraries(pico_pong pico_stdlib hardware_i2c hardware_adc)

# Enable USB output
pico_enable_stdio_usb(pico_pong 1)
pico_enable_stdio_uart(pico_pong 0)

# Create binary distribution
pico_add_extra_outputs(pico_pong)

C
#include "pico/stdlib.h"
#include "hardware/i2c.h"
#include "hardware/adc.h"
#include "ssd1306.h"

// I2C Pins
#define I2C_SDA 4
#define I2C_SCL 5

// ADC Pin for Potentiometer
#define ADC_POT 26

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64

#define PADDLE_HEIGHT 10

// Global variables for the game
int player_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2;
int ball_x = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
int ball_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2;
int ball_dx = 1;
int ball_dy = 1;

// I2C setup
void i2c_init_setup() {
    i2c_init(i2c1, 400 * 1000);
    gpio_set_function(I2C_SDA, GPIO_FUNC_I2C);
    gpio_set_function(I2C_SCL, GPIO_FUNC_I2C);
    gpio_pull_up(I2C_SDA);
    gpio_pull_up(I2C_SCL);
}

// ADC setup
void adc_init_setup() {
    adc_init();
    adc_gpio_init(ADC_POT);
    adc_select_input(0); // Potentiometer is connected to input 0 (GP26)
}

int main() {
    stdio_init_all();

    i2c_init_setup();
    adc_init_setup();

    ssd1306_init();

    while (true) {
        // Read potentiometer value
        uint16_t pot_val = adc_read();
        player_y = $pot_val * SCREEN_HEIGHT$ / 4096; // Scale to OLED height

        // Update ball position
        ball_x += ball_dx;
        ball_y += ball_dy;

        // Ball collision with top and bottom
        if $ball_y <= 0 || ball_y >= (SCREEN_HEIGHT - 1)$ {
            ball_dy = -ball_dy;
        }

        // Ball collision with paddle
        if $ball_x <= 2 && $player_y <= ball_y && ball_y <= (player_y + PADDLE_HEIGHT)$ {
            ball_dx = -ball_dx;
        }

        // Ball goes out of bounds
        if $ball_x < 0 || ball_x >= SCREEN_WIDTH$ {
            ball_x = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
            ball_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2;
            ball_dx = 1;
            ball_dy = 1;
        }

        // Clear OLED display
        ssd1306_clear();

        // Draw paddle
        ssd1306_draw_rect(0, player_y, 2, PADDLE_HEIGHT, 1);

        // Draw ball
        ssd1306_draw_pixel(ball_x, ball_y, 1);

        // Update OLED display
        ssd1306_update();

        // Short delay
        sleep_ms(10);
    }

    return 0;
}

1. Initialization:
   • Initialize I2C for the SSD1306 OLED display.
   • Initialize ADC to read values from the potentiometer.
2. Game Logic:
   • Read the potentiometer value to control the paddle.
   • Update the position of the ball and handle collisions.
3. Display Update:
   • Clear and update the OLED display with new paddle and ball positions.
4. Main Loop:
   • The main loop continuously updates the game state and refreshes the display.

copilot

1. Main IC: TPS63051YFFR (buck-boost controller)
2. Inductor: Choose an inductor with suitable inductance and current rating.
3. Capacitors: Input, output, and compensation capacitors.
4. Resistors: For setting the feedback network.
5. Diodes: For protection and rectification (if necessary, though many modern controllers have built-in diodes).

• VIN: Input voltage (2.5V to 5.5V)
• GND: Ground
• VOUT: Output voltage (set to 3.3V)
• FB: Feedback pin for setting the output voltage
• L: Inductor connection
• EN: Enable pin (control)
• PGND: Power ground
• SW: Switch node

1. Power Supply Inputs and Outputs:
   • Connect VIN to the input voltage source (Li-ion battery).
   • Connect GND and PGND to the ground plane.
   • Connect VOUT to your desired load requiring 3.3V at up to 500mA.
2. Inductor Connection:
   • Connect one side of the inductor to the SW pin and the other to VOUT.
3. Capacitors:
   • Input Capacitors: Connect capacitors (e.g., 10µF) between VIN and GND.
   • Output Capacitors: Connect capacitors (e.g., 22µF) between VOUT and GND.
4. Feedback Network:
   • Use two resistors to create a voltage divider for the FB pin. The output voltage (VOUT) is set as follows: $V_{OUT} = V_{FB} \left(1 + \frac{R_{1}}{R_{2}}\right)$ where $V_{FB}$ is the feedback reference voltage of the IC (check datasheet for exact value).
5. Enable Pin:
   • If you need to control the enable functionality, connect the EN pin to a GPIO or through a pull-up resistor to VIN.
6. Ground Planes:
   • Connect all GND pins to a common ground plane to ensure stability and reduce noise.

1. Connect VIN to TPS63051YFFR:VIN and VIN to GND using a 10µF capacitor.
2. Connect TPS63051YFFR:SW to one side of the inductor (e.g., 2.2µH), and the other side of inductor to VOUT.
3. Connect VOUT to TPS63051YFFR:VOUT and to GND using a 22µF capacitor.
4. Connect TPS63051YFFR:FB to the midpoint of a resistor divider network.
5. Connect the high side of the resistor divider to VOUT and the low side to GND.
6. Connect TPS63051YFFR:EN to a 10kΩ resistor and then to VIN for always enabled operation or controlled via GPIO.
7. Connect all GND and PGND pins to a common ground plane.

• Connect VIN to IC:VIN.
• Connect a 10µF capacitor between VIN and GND.
• Connect TPS63051YFFR:SW to one side of a 2.2µH inductor.
• Connect the other side of the inductor to VOUT.
• Connect a 22µF capacitor between VOUT and GND.
• Connect VOUT to IC:VOUT.
• Create a voltage divider with R1 and R2; connect the junction to IC:FB.
• Connect one side of R1 to VOUT and the other side of R1 to IC:FB.
• Connect R2 between IC:FB and GND.
• Connect EN pin to VIN through a 10kΩ resistor if always enabled, or to a control GPIO.

• $V_{FB}$ is 0.8V.
• Specific values of R1, R2 are calculated based on standard resistor values.

aadesh2005

copilot

• Designator: Vin
• Pin: P1 (connect this to your power source, e.g., a Li-ion battery)

• Designator: C1 (10µF, SMD_0603)
• Pins: P1 (to Vin), P2 (to GND)

• Designator: IC1 (TPS63051YFFR)
• Relevant Pins:
  • L1 (Pin 1): To one terminal of the inductor.
  • VIN (Pin 2): To Vin.
  • EN (Pin 3): To an enable signal (e.g., connected to Vin through a 10kΩ resistor if always on).
  • GND (Pin 4): To GND.
  • ILIM0 (Pin 5), ILIM1 (Pin 6): For current limit settings, based on application notes/datasheet.
  • SS (Pin 7): To a soft-start capacitor or directly to GND if not used.
  • FB (Pin 8): Feedback; connected to a resistor divider from VOUT.
  • VOUT (Pin 9): To the output voltage, 3.3V.
  • PG (Pin 10): Power Good indication pin.
  • PFM/PWM (Pin 11): Mode selection pin (typically connect as per datasheet suggestions).
  • L2 (Pin 12): To the other terminal of the inductor.

• Inductor: L1 (Value selection based on datasheet, typically around 2.2µH)
  • One end to IC1:L1 (Pin 1).
  • The other end to IC1:L2 (Pin 12).
• Output Capacitor: C2 (22µF, SMD_0603)
  • One end to VOUT (connect to IC1:VOUT Pin 9).
  • The other end to GND.

• Resistor Divider Network:
  • $R1$ between VOUT and FB pin (IC1:FB, Pin 8).
  • $R2$ between FB pin (IC1:FB, Pin 8) and GND.

1. Connect Vin:P1 to IC1:VIN and C1:P2.
2. Connect C1:P1 to GND.
3. Connect IC1:L1 to one side of the inductor (L1).
4. Connect the other side of L1 to IC1:L2.
5. Connect IC1:VOUT to the output capacitor (C2:P1).
6. Connect the other side of C2 to GND.
7. Connect IC1:FB to the resistor divider network (junction of R1 and R2).
8. Connect one end of R1 to VOUT, other end to IC1:FB.
9. Connect one end of R2 to IC1:FB, other end to GND.
10. Connect IC1:EN to Vin via a 10kΩ resistor.
11. Ensure all GND pins are connected to a common ground plane.

1. Start a new project or open an existing project in Flux.
2. Add Components:
   • Use Flux’s component library to search and add the TPS63051YFFR.
   • Add capacitors, resistors, and inductors from the library.
3. Connect Components:
   • Use the net name or manually connect pins as per the connections summary.
4. Simulate and Validate the Design:
   • Once the schematic is laid out, use Flux's simulation feature to test the design.
   • Make any necessary adjustments based on the simulation results.

• Values for resistors, capacitors, and inductors based on typical recommendations and datasheet guidelines.
• Default pin names and configurations from the datasheet.

aadesh2005

copilot

1. Add a Test Point to the Schematic:
   • Designator: P1
   • Pin: TP (Test Point)
   • Use a component from the library that's specifically for test points or create a custom one if necessary.
2. Connect the Test Point to the PG Pin:
   • In your schematic, you want to connect P1:TP to IC1:PG.

1. Define the Test Point Component:
   • Designator: P1
   • Pin: TP
   • Manufacturer Part Number: (Choose a standard test point part, e.g., Keystone 5015 or similar)

• Net PG (Power Good):
  • Connect IC1:PG to P1:TP.

1. Open your project in Flux.
2. Add the Test Point Component:
   • Search for a test point part (e.g., "test point" or "Keystone 5015") and add it to your schematic.
   • Assign the designator P1 to this component.
3. Make the Connections:
   • Connect the PG pin $IC1:PG$ to the test point pin $P1:TP$ in the schematic editor.

1. Connect $Vin:P1$ to $IC1:VIN$ and $C1:P2$.
2. Connect $C1:P1$ to GND.
3. Connect $IC1:L1$ to one side of the inductor $L3:P1$.
4. Connect the other side of $L3$ to $IC1:L2$.
5. Connect $IC1:VOUT$ to the output capacitor $C2:P1$.
6. Connect the other side of $C2$ to GND.
7. Connect $IC1:FB$ to the resistor divider network (junction of R1 and R2).
8. Connect one end of $R1$ to VOUT, the other end to $IC1:FB$.
9. Connect one end of $R2$ to $IC1:FB$, the other end to GND.
10. Connect $IC1:EN$ to Vin via a 10kΩ resistor $R1$.
11. Connect $IC1:PG$ to $P1:TP$.
12. Ensure all GND pins are connected to a common ground plane.

• Test points are typically labeled with a "TP" pin name and used in designators like P1, P2, etc.
• Ensure your test point connections do not interfere with the operation of your circuit.
• You can also use Flux’s validation features to check your connections and ensure proper net assignments.