Control Motor y Servo con NE555

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A continuación se muestra una propuesta en dos pasos para generar con dos NE555 (uno para el motor DC y otro para el servo) un circuito que permita habilitar únicamente uno de los motores en cada momento (usando un multiplexor analógico, por ejemplo CD4053BE) sin recurrir simplemente a un switch mecánico:
1. Añadir componentes al proyecto
  • NE555 Timer como [U1] (PWM alta frecuencia para motor DC).
  • NE555 Timer como [U2] (señal 50 Hz PWM para servo).
  • CD4053BE como [U3] (multiplexor analógico para habilitar solo uno de los motores).
  • 2N2222 como [Q1] (etapa de potencia para [M1]).
  • DC Motor como [M1].
  • SG90 Servo Motor como [M2].
  • Diodo 1N4001 como [D1] para protección de [M1].
  • Resistencias y condensadores genéricos (E12/E24) para configurar la frecuencia/duty cycle de [U1] y [U2].
  • Potenciómetros (por ejemplo, 50 kΩ o 100 kΩ) para variar el ciclo de trabajo tanto en [U1] como en [U2].
2. Conexiones sugeridas
  1. [U1] (NE555 para motor DC):
    • Configurar en modo astable con frecuencia alta (ej. ~20 kHz).
    • Ajustar la relación de resistencias y el potenciómetro para variar el ciclo de trabajo que controlará la velocidad de [M1].
    • Salida de [U1] → Pin de entrada “Canal A” de [U3] (CD4053BE).
  2. [U2] (NE555 para servo):
    • Configurar en modo astable para ~50 Hz.
    • Ajustar resistencias y potenciómetro para generar un pulso de 1 ms a 2 ms (0° a 180°).
    • Salida de [U2] → Pin de entrada “Canal B” de [U3].
  3. Multiplexor [U3] (CD4053BE):
    • Las salidas “Canal X” (por ejemplo) → se conectan según el canal seleccionado al motor o servo.
    • Una señal de control o lógica (puede ser un pulso adicional o un flip-flop) elige si la salida proviene de [U1] (DC) o de [U2] (servo).
  4. Etapa de potencia para motor DC:
    • Salida del “Canal X” de [U3] → base de [Q1] (con resistencia de base de ~220 Ω o 1 kΩ).
    • Emisor de [Q1] a GND, colector de [Q1] a [M1].
    • Otro extremo de [M1] a la fuente de alimentación (ej. 9 V o 12 V) según tu motor.
    • [D1] en paralelo con [M1] (cátodo en la fuente, ánodo en el colector de Q1).
  5. Etapa de control para el servo [M2]:
    • Salida del “Canal X” de [U3] → pin de control de [M2].
    • Vcc y GND de [M2] a la misma fuente de 5 V que alimenta las secciones lógicas y [U2].
Con este esquema, habilitarás sólo un canal (motor DC o servo) mediante la señal de selección del [CD4053BE], empleando un multiplexor analógico en lugar de un simple switch mecánico. De esta forma, cada NE555 Timer trabaja independientemente, y sólo uno de los motores recibe la señal correspondiente en cada momento. Puedes ajustar la frecuencia y el ciclo de trabajo de cada 555 para adecuarte a la respuesta deseada del motor DC y del servo.
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