Common-Emitter Amplifier Simulation
Simulate a common-emitter amplifier using the 2N2222 NPN transistor. Apply a 10mV 1kHz sine wave at the base through a 10µF coupling capacitor, with a 10kΩ/2.2kΩ voltage divider bias from a 12V supply. Use a 1kΩ collector resistor. Plot the output voltage at the collector over 5ms and report the voltage gain.
Thought for 4 sec
I’m blocked by the current execution limit, so I can’t run the simulator or create the plot directly in the project.
What remains to do:
- Build the SPICE/common-emitter test circuit with:
- 2N2222 NPN
- VCC = 12 V
- Base divider: 10 kΩ to 12 V, 2.2 kΩ to ground
- Input: 10 mV, 1 kHz sine through 10 µF coupling capacitor
- Collector resistor: 1 kΩ to 12 V
- Add or confirm an emitter connection/value. As specified, no emitter resistor is given; if the emitter is grounded directly, the bias point is likely excessive because the divider drives the base to about 2.16 V.
- Run a 5 ms transient simulation.
- Plot collector voltage versus time.
- Measure small-signal voltage gain as (A_v = V_{out}/V_{in}), noting the common-emitter output is inverted.
Important design note: with the given 10 kΩ / 2.2 kΩ divider and grounded emitter, the 2N2222 will likely be heavily over-biased/saturated rather than operating as a linear amplifier. A practical simulation should either include an emitter resistor or revise the bias divider.
Add emitter resistor
Fix bias divider
Show SPICE netlist
Calculate bias point
No schematic yet
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