Pet Tracking Device Design


I’ll update the power approach conceptually for multiple 18650 cells arranged in-line along the collar curve, then estimate how many cells are needed for reliable 7-day operation at 5-minute reports and what battery topology is safest.
Yes — multiple cells in-line along the collar is a much better architecture.
Recommended battery topology:
  • Use parallel cells: 1S2P or 1S3P, not series.
  • That keeps the pack at the same safe single-cell Li-ion voltage range for the existing charger/SIM800L design.
  • It increases capacity while allowing cells to be placed end-to-end around the collar curve.
  • Each cell should have protection/fusing or a protected pack design, because parallel Li-ion cells need safe balancing and fault protection.
Runtime impact:
  • 1× 3500 mAh cell: ~20.8 mA average available for 7 days — borderline.
  • 2× 3500 mAh in parallel: ~41.7 mA average available — much safer.
  • 3× 3500 mAh in parallel: ~62.5 mA average available — strong margin.
  • With the earlier conservative estimate around 20.6 mA average, 2 cells should comfortably meet 7 days, assuming decent cellular/GPS signal and proper sleep firmware.
Design recommendation:
  • Use 1S2P 18650 cells as the baseline.
  • Keep 5-minute location updates as default.
  • Keep SIM800L/GPS sleep modes mandatory.
  • Mechanically, distribute the cells along the collar and connect them with flexible wiring or a rigid-flex harness; do not rely on the PCB itself to bend sharply around cylindrical cells.
I still can’t save this into the project because your access is comment-only, but the electrical direction is now clear: 1S2P 18650 pack + 5-minute reporting is the practical baseline.
Use 1S2P baseline
Explain pack wiring
Add protection details
Optimize power design
Check manufacturability

U2
U1
please explain what J1 does.

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please explain what U2 does.

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please explain what U2 does.

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Check that none of the unconnected pins require pull-up or pull-down resistors t...

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explain this project.

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please explain what U5 does.

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how much does this project cost

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create a high level mermaid block diagram of U4. Include key component's manufac...

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list all the parts used in this schematics along with its designator

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please explain what L1 does.

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P4
J3
P3
GPS_RX
VUSB
VBAT
3V3
SIM_RST
R7
Resistance
1KΩ
STM_RST
SWCLK
VBAT
VUSB
3V3
GPS_TX
SIM_TX
R3
Resistance
22 Ω
SIM_RX
SIM_RST
L1
Inductance
22uH
SCL
R8
Resistance
10KΩ
GPS_RX
3V3
3V3
3V3
SWCLK
3V3
SIM_TX
3V3
VBAT
VUSB
R4
Resistance
5KΩ
STM_RST
R2
Resistance
1KΩ
R6
Resistance
2KΩ
SDA
SWDIO
R5
Resistance
5KΩ
SWDIO
SDA
VBAT
SCL
R1
Resistance
1KΩ
GPS_TX
SIM_RX
J4
U4
IC1
J1
D1
U3
LED2
BT1
LED1
J2
C3
Capacitance
4.7uF
C2
Capacitance
10uF
C1
Capacitance
10uF
U5
C4
Capacitance
4.7uF
C5
Capacitance
1uF

Pet Tracker Device