copilot

1. Differential Amplifier:

   • Use an operational amplifier (op-amp) configured as a differential amplifier to measure the voltage difference between the two cells.
   • The difference you'll be measuring will range from 3.7V to 2.0V.

2. Resistor Network for Scaling:

   • Choose resistors to set the gain in your differential amplifier so that a 1.7V input difference (3.7V - 2.0V) is scaled to a 3.3V output.
   • Assuming ideal op-amp conditions, the gain $A$ you need is: $A = \frac{V_{\text{out}}}{V_{\text{in, max}}} = \frac{3.3 \, \text{V}}{1.7 \, \text{V}} \approx 1.94$

3. Op-Amp Selection:

   • Select an op-amp with rail-to-rail output to ensure it can produce the target output range of 0 to 3.3V.
   • Make sure the op-amp can operate with an appropriate supply voltage, like 3.3V or higher.

4. Power Supply for the Op-Amp:

   • Ensure that the op-amp is powered by a suitable voltage for your application; a 5V supply could work well depending on the op-amp chosen.

5. Calibration and Testing:

   • Once the circuit is built, test it with known voltages to ensure it performs as expected.

skirhir

copilot

• Operational Amplifier: LM9032
• Resistors: Four precision resistors for the differential amplifier configuration. Choose values to set the gain to approximately 1.94.

1. Differential Amplifier Setup:

   • Use the LM9032 as a differential amplifier by selecting appropriate resistor values.

2. Resistor Network:

   • Let’s designate the resistors as R1, R2, R3, and R4. The basic configuration follows these equations for a differential amplifier: $V_{\text{out}} = \left(\frac{R2}{R1}\right) \frac{R4}{R3} \times (V^+ - V^-)$

• R1 = 10kΩ
• R2 = 19.4kΩ
• R3 = 10kΩ
• R4 = 10kΩ

3. Pin Connections:
   Connect the following:

   • Op-amp Inputs:

     • Non-inverting input (V+): Connect to the more positive cell terminal.
     • Inverting input (V-): Connect to the more negative cell terminal.

   • Resistor Connections:

     • Connect R1 from V- to the op-amp inverting input.
     • Connect R2 from the op-amp inverting input to V+.
     • Connect R3 and R4 as feedback resistors between the output and the inverting input of the op-amp.

4. Power Supply:

   • Ensure the LM9032 is powered with supply voltages suitable for rail-to-rail operation (e.g., 5V).

5. Output:

   • Connect your output load or measurement device to the op-amp output terminal.

skirhir

copilot

1. Open the Schematic Editor:

   • In Flux, go to your project and access the schematic editor, where you can create and modify your circuit schematics[1].

2. Add Components:

   • Use the library panel on the left to search for components. You can drag components from the library onto the canvas and place them where you'd like [1].

3. Connect Components:

   • Once your components are in place, you'll need to connect them. Simply draw wires between component pins or use the assistance of Flux Copilot to automate the connections[2].

4. Inspect Properties:

   • Use the inspector on the right to see and modify properties of selected components. This can include parameters like resistance, capacitance, etc.[1].

5. Simulate your Circuit:

   • Flux provides a built-in simulator, allowing you to test your design in real-time without leaving the platform[3].

6. Collaborate in Real-Time:

   • You can invite collaborators to view or edit your schematic in real-time, ensuring feedback and changes are immediate[4].