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list all U3 pins in a table format. For each pin provide its pin number, pin nam...
ril3y

ril3y

@copilot list all U3 pins in a table format. For each pin provide its pin number, pin name and function.
1y

copilot

I'm sorry but I don't have detailed function information for each pin of component U3 with the MPN: 74HC595D(BJ). However, I can list down the pin names and numbers from the provided project crystal.
Given that U3 is a 74HC595D which is an 8-bit serial-in, serial or parallel-out shift register with output latches, I can provide a typical usage for each pin but this will still depend on how it is used in your specific design.
Here are the pin numbers, names and typical usage for 74HC595D:

Table

Pin NumberPin NamePin Function
1QBOutput B (Serial Data Output in daisy-chain configuration if used)
2QCOutput C
3QDOutput D
4QEOutput E
5QFOutput F
6QGOutput G
7QHOutput H
8GNDGround
9QH'Shift Register Serial Data Output
10~SCLRShift Register Clear
11SCKShift Register Clock
12RCKStorage Register Clock
13~GOutput Enable
14SISerial Input
15QAOutput A
16VCCPower Supply
Please note:
  • The "~" sign symbolizes an active-low input
  • QA to QH' is the state of outputs QA to QH, respectively.
If the specific function of each pin in your design differs significantly from the typical usage, please supply the correct function.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

I want to hook these up to the hall sensors in my design which will be inputs to the shift register. J3 will be used to connec to a micro controller to read the shift registers.
1y

copilot

It sounds like you're planning to use the hall sensors to feed digital data into the shift register (U3: 74HC595D), and then this data will be serially delivered to a microcontroller through the connector J3.
Here's the basic idea of how to hook up these components:
  1. First, connect each hall sensor output to the pins SI(Serial Input) of U3 (74HC595D). Keep in mind that 74HC595D has only one SI so you might need to daisy chain multiple 74HC595D's or use a parallel-to-serial shift register if you have multiple hall sensors inputs.
  2. The SCK(Shift Register Clock) and ~SCLR(Shift Register Clear) pins of U3 can be connected to corresponding microcontroller digital IO pins.
  3. The QH'(Shift Register Serial Data Output) pin of U3 should be connected to a digital IO Pin (Pin_X for example) of J3 that interfaces with your microcontroller.
Note: If all sensor data does not need to be available simultaneously at the microcontroller and one by one read is acceptable, you could use 74HC165 which is a parallel-in-serial out shift register.
Assumptions: I'm assuming your hall sensors are digital and that you're going to use a microcontroller that supports digital IO and SPI. Also assuming that the hall sensor outputs are compatible with the operating voltage of the 74HC595D (i.e., the hall sensor outputs should be at logic levels when 74HC595D is powered at 5V).
Please note that these are very high-level suggestions. For actual implementation, the exact wiring and code to interact with the shift register depend on the specifics of your setup and the microcontroller you're using. You should consult the relevant datasheets and hardware references for your components and microcontroller.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

ok this sounds like I am using teh wrong chip. I have 8 hall effect sensors that all 8 need to have inputs into the register. At this point the micro controller needs to be able to read the inputs quickly do i need a different register?
1y

copilot

Your task seems to call for a parallel-in, serial-out shift register, which would let you read multiple digital inputs simultaneously, then transfer them serially to a microcontroller. The 74HC595 shift register is serial-in, serial-out.
Based on your needs, a chip like the 74HC165 (8-bit parallel-in/serial-out shift register) could be more suitable. Similar to the 74HC595, the 74HC165 allows daisy-chaining, meaning you can connect additional 74HC165 chips if you need to read from more sensors.
Here’s an overview of how you would typically connect your components:
  • The eight output pins from the Hall effect sensors would each be connected to one of the parallel data input pins (D0-D7) on the 74HC165.
  • The microcontroller would control the Clock (CP) and Load (PL) pins on the 74HC165. The Clock pin dictates the pace of shifting data, and the Load pin is used to grab the data from the sensors (on the 74HC165’s parallel input) and prepare it for serial output.
  • The serial data output from the 74HC165 (Q7) would be routed to an input pin on your microcontroller, allowing it to read the sensor data pulled from the shift register.
Remember to connect Vcc and GND of the 74HC165 to your power supply and ground, respectively.
As always, these are high-level suggestions. Your actual implementation, including the wiring and the code controlling the shift register, will depend on the specifics of your design and your microcontroller. Please consult the relevant datasheets and references for your components to ensure safe and correct usage.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

ok can you explain how you would use this 74HC165 to read the state of the inputs from the microcontroller using the control pins
1y

copilot

Certainly! Here's a basic explanation of how you can use the 74HC165 Parallel-Load 8-Bit Shift Register with your microcontroller to read the state of the 8 Hall effect sensors:
  1. Initial State: In the beginning, you'd keep the Load (also called Parallel Load or PL) pin on the 74HC165 high. This allows the shift register to get the live data from all sensors.
  2. Loading Data: When you're ready to read the sensor data, bring the Load pin low. This captures the state of all eight sensors at once and stores it in the shift register. After the state has been captured, return the Load pin high again.
  3. Reading Data: You'll use your microcontroller's SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) or manually pulse the Clock (CP) pin on the 74HC165 and read out each bit from the Q7 (data output) pin. There are 8 sensor states, so you'll do this 8 times to retrieve them all. The order of the bits is determined by the order in which the sensors are connected to the 74HC165.
  4. Repeat: Go back to step #2 next time you want to read the sensors.
Note: The 74HC165 has an active-low Load pin to capture inputs, and clocks data in on a rising edge.
One way to do this with an Arduino, for example, would be to use the shiftIn() function, which handles the clock pin pulsing and data reading. If not using an Arduino or if shiftIn() isn't available, you would need to manually control the Load and Clock pins and read the Data pin using available IO control commands.
Always consult the specific datasheet and hardware references for your components and microcontroller to ensure correct and safe usage.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

so howmany pins are needed to read and control this shift register
1y

copilot

A minimal setup to control and read data from the 74HC165 shift register involves 3 pins for connections between your microcontroller and the shift register:
  1. Data Pin: This pin reads serial data from the shift register output (Q7).
  2. Clock Pin: This pin receives clock pulses (CP) to shift the register and control the pace at which data is sent.
  3. Load Pin: This active-low pin (PL) is used to latch data from the parallel inputs into the shift register.
So, a minimum of 3 pins on the microcontroller side would be needed for controlling a 74HC165 shift register. More complex setups might involve other pins, such as the Clock Inhibit (CE) pin, which enables/disables shifting based on its input state. But in most scenarios, you can simply tie this pin to Ground if this functionality is not needed.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

this seems wrong as data pin input looks like pin 10 DS
1y

copilot

I apologize for the confusion. My previous explanation was based on the outputs from a 74HC165 shift register.
Based on the datasheet excerpt for the 74HC165 shift register, the important pins for operation as a parallel in, serial out shift register are as follows:
  1. Data Input (DS, PIN 10): This is the serial data input for the shift register. Note that in a common use case for parallel read you typically don't use this pin.
  2. Clock (CP, PIN 2): The register shifts data on the LOW-to-HIGH transitions of the CP input when the Clock Enable (CE) input is LOW.
  3. Parallel Load (PL, PIN 1): A LOW signal to this pin will load the data from D0 to D7 into the shift register asynchronously.
  4. Serial Data Output (Q7, PIN 9): This is the normal serial output pin which will output the shifted-in data.
  5. Q7 (Q̅7̅, PIN 7): This is complementary serial output pin.
Typically, you only need to connect the PL, CP and Q7 pins to your microcontroller in order to load the data from the parallel inputs into the shift register and then transfer it out serially to the microcontroller.
With this setup, the DS and Q̅7̅ pins are not usually required, but they can be used in more advanced configurations for daisy-chaining or cascading multiple shift registers together.
So in this case you will need a total of 3 pins from microcontroller.
I apologize for the earlier confusion and hope this is more accurate for your application.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

ok what if i wanted to add another shift register to this with 8 more inputs, how would i do this
1y

copilot

The beauty of the 74HC165 Shift Register is that it supports cascading, enabling you to easily add additional chips and expand your input capacity. In a cascaded configuration, multiple 74HC165 devices effectively form a larger bit-length shift register with multiple serial inputs.
Let's assume we're adding a second 74HC165 shift register, creating a total of 16 inputs.
To accomplish this, you would:
  1. Connect parallel data inputs: Connect your 8 additional sensors to the D0-D7 (Parallel data inputs) of the second 74HC165.
  2. Connect clock pins (CPs): Connect the clock pin of the first 74HC165 to the clock pin of the second one. This means the two chips will have synchronized, parallel loading and serial shifting.
  3. Connect load pins (PLs): Similarly, connect the parallel load pins of both shift registers. They will capture the current state of their input pins simultaneously.
  4. Connect serial data outputs (Q7s): Take the serial output (Q7) from the first 74HC165 and connect it to the serial data input (DS) pin of the second 74HC165.
Note that the serial data from multiple 74HC165s will stream through the same line. To discriminate which piece of data belongs to which shift register, it is important to count and keep track of the clock (CP) pulses since the loading (PL) was last activated.
You will read the data from the shift registers in the opposite order in which it was loaded. This means that if you load the data into the first register and then the second, you'll read out the data from the second register first.
This configuration allows your microcontroller to control and read from 16 sensors while still using the same number of pins (3) as were used for a single shift register. You can often cascade even more shift registers if required.
Remember, the wire connections suggested are just the basic idea. For the exact pin setup, you will need to refer to the 74HC165's datasheet and your microcontroller's datasheet and/or reference manual.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

What I dont understand is I am not loading data in any order the hall sensors will async set the state.
1y

copilot

I apologize for any confusion. In the context of the 74HC165 shift register, "loading" refers to the action of capturing the current state of all parallel inputs (your Hall effect sensors) simultaneously.
As you correctly mention, the Hall sensors will asynchronously update their states. However, these states aren't automatically transferred to the shift register.
That's where the 'PL' or parallel load pin of the 74HC165 comes into play. When you pulse this pin LOW, the 74HC165 captures the instantaneous state (either HIGH or LOW) of all the parallel input lines (D0 to D7).
When this happens, the states of your 8 Hall effect sensors (0 or 1) are each 'loaded' into a unique corresponding internal flip-flop within the shift register.
After the 'load' operation, the states of these sensors that were captured can then be clocked out serially using the clock pin (CP), regardless of any subsequent changes in the states of Hall sensors.
Back to your original question, in a cascaded configuration with two 74HC165 shift registers, when you pulse 'PL' LOW, the current states of Hall sensors connected to both shift registers would be captured simultaneously (because the 'PL' pins of both shift registers are tied together). The shift-in operation (controlled by the CP clock) then happens in the same orderly fashion for the cascaded shift registers as explained before.
When you read out the data, you are not reading the live state of the sensors, but rather the states that the shift register(s) captured at the moment when the 'PL' was last pulsed LOW. That's why it's important to carefully manage when you read the serial output relative to when the parallel load operation occurs.
I hope this clears up how you handle the asynchronous updates from the Hall sensors and how the 'load' operation works with the 74HC165.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

if you are chaining these together do you have to read the Q7 pin on the LAST chained output to read data off of the registers?
1y

copilot

Yes, that's correct. When 74HC165 shift registers are chained (or cascaded) together, the Q7 (Shift Register Serial Data Output) pin on the last shift register in the chain will deliver all of the serial output data from all the individual shift registers.
In a cascaded configuration, each shift register's Q7' (complementary serial output) pin is connected to the next shift register's DS (serial data input) pin. This creates a single, larger shift register that combines all of the individual shift registers.
With the appropriate amount of clock pulses on CP (Shift Register Clock), the state of all parallel inputs (from all shift registers) can be shifted out through the Q7 pin of the last shift register.
This feature of the 74HC165 allows you to read multiple parallel inputs (from multiple shift registers) using just a single serial output pin on your microcontroller.
It's important to count your clock pulses correctly during this process. The number of clock pulses should correspond to the total number of inputs you are reading from all cascaded shift registers. For example, for two 8-bit shift registers, you need 16 clock pulses to read all sensor states. This is crucial to be sure you're interpreting the right bit from the right sensor.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

my design is using a method of where there could be n number of connected shift registers. However I need to somehow connect the last q7 pin to my microcontroller. what is good approach to make this possible
1y

copilot

If you have a design where additional shift registers can be dynamically added (n shift registers), manually connecting the Q7 (Shift Register Serial Data Output) pin of the last shift register-added to the microcontroller might not be feasible.
One approach to addressing this is involves using a special 'terminator' component—that gets attached when no shift register is connected. This terminator would connect the Q7' of the last shift register back to the microcontroller.
To make this approach feasible:
  1. Each of your shift register modules could be designed such that it has connectors on both ends—one to connect to the previous module's Q7', and one to either connect the Q7' to the next module, or if it's the last module, back to the microcontroller.
  2. The 'terminator' component would also need to have the necessary wiring to connect the Q7' on the last shift register back to the microcontroller. So, when adding a new module, you would remove the terminator, connect the new module, and then replace the terminator at the end.
This scheme of course assumes that you are using modules or boards that you can customize to have these connectors.
In practice, handling an undetermined number of shift register inputs may be complex and require careful design. In this situation, it might worth considering using an IO expander IC or multiplexer/demultiplexer components which are designed for handling multiple inputs/outputs dynamically.
1y
ril3y

ril3y

Ok take a alook at my connectors figure J1 is going to connect to the microstroller and ser_data_out is supposed to be the last q7 ina chain. If I solder the TERM then it closes and connects the SER_DATA_OUT wire with the last q7 chain and should let the uc read each register. does this looks like how this will work
1y

copilot

Yes, from your description, it seems like you have identified a good solution.
In your design:
  1. You have a Connector (J1) that connects to the microcontroller.
  2. You also have a termination (TERM) that can close a connection between the SER_DATA_OUT and the Q7' pin of the last shift register in the chain.
So, when no additional shift register modules are connected, by soldering the TERM connection, you're essentially closing the loop and connecting the Q7' serial output of the last shift register directly back to the SER_DATA_OUT line, which is connected to your microcontroller. This allows the microcontroller to read the serial output data from the chained shift registers.
When you want to add an additional shift register module, you would desolder the TERM, add the new module, and being that this new module is now the last in the chain, its Q7' pin would be connected to the SER_DATA_OUT line.
This sounds like a viable strategy for handling an unspecified number of chained shift registers dynamically. Of course, please ensure to verify all of this with actual hardware tests and remember that changes in the number of chained shift registers should be synchronised with corresponding adjustments in the software (number of clock pulses, etc) on the microcontroller side.
Furthermore, always validate your design against the latest datasheets for your components. Trial hardware setups and testing are advisable before full deployment or production.
1y
J1
5V
LED1_DIN
J3
SER_CLOCK
LOAD
SER_DATA_INPUT
5V
LED16_DOUT
SER_CLOCK
SER_DATA_OUT
SER_DATA_OUT
QOUT2
SER_DATA_OUT
Solder Jumper
Line 1
This is used to connect the last shift register to the input connector to the uC to read data out of the registers.
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