USB4 PCIe Bringup


Thought for 13 mins 22 sec
Thought for 11 sec — Verifying report details
Reading USB PD VBUS Fix's report…
Thought for 16 sec — Reviewing executor instructions
4/4 Verify ERC, power architecture, and remaining blockers

Inspect J4 and determine its required interface/connectivity

Select and implement safe USB-PD sink and protected VBUS sensing

Complete J4 support circuitry and connectivity

Verify ERC, power architecture, and remaining blockers

Accessed knowledge for the next task.
Thought for 19 sec
Thought for 8 sec
Awaiting 1 background task
Received notification from "USB PD Board Verification" that it finished — picking the work back up.
The independent review caught several unsafe issues in the first implementation, so I’m correcting them before closing: overvoltage on U3 EN/UVLO, TPS65987D dead-battery boot strapping, unsuitable TVS selection, and the connector’s 20 Gbps limitation.
Thought for 25 mins 43 sec
Thought for 27 sec — Addressing safety issues
Steering USB PD VBUS Fix
Thought for 9 sec
Awaiting 1 background task
Thought for 14 sec
Awaiting 1 background task
Received notification from "USB PD VBUS Fix" that it finished — picking the work back up.
Work is paused because no ACUs are currently available, so I could not retrieve or verify the executor’s final correction report.
Completed before the pause: J4 connectivity, a TPS65987D-based PD block, protected ASM VBUS sensing, a 100 × 80 mm board resize, and an independent safety review. Still requiring confirmation are the corrected U3 EN/UVLO network, TPS65987D dead-battery boot, PD-rated TVS, true 40 Gbps J4 replacement, ≥4 A SSD switch, duplicate U10 removal, and M.2 keepout.
Recheck remaining PD fixes
Inspect power safety
Audit high-speed USB path
Review layout constraints

LM5143 3.3 V SSD Power Stage — First-Pass Design
Purpose
Design the high-current 3.3 V rail for the M.2 NVMe SSD from USB-C 5 V input using the TI LM5143 synchronous buck controller.
Design Targets

Table


ParameterTarget
InputUSB-PD 9 V target for full-power mode; 5 V only for reduced-power/fallback behavior
Output3.3 V
Continuous output current target5 A design target
LoadM.2 NVMe SSD 3.3 V rail via load switch/current control
Output power at 5 A16.5 W
Estimated efficiency assumption90% first-pass
Estimated 9 V input current at 5 A out~2.05 A at 90% efficiency
Practical source assumptionNegotiate USB-PD 9 V / 2.5 A target for full SSD performance
Critical Power Budget Note
A 3.3 V / 5 A SSD rail is 16.5 W. From a 5 V source at ~90% efficiency, that would require roughly:

Text


IIN = 3.3 V * 5 A / (5 V * 0.90) = 3.67 A
So a fixed 5 V / 3 A USB-C source cannot sustain the full 5 A SSD rail plus ASM2464PD/controller rails. The design should either:
  • negotiate a higher-power USB-PD contract, preferably 9 V / 2.5 A for the first-pass design, or
  • enforce SSD current limiting / reduced rail budget when only 5 V / 3 A is available.
For the locked first-pass full-power mode:

Text


IIN = 3.3 V * 5 A / (9 V * 0.90) = 2.04 A
This stays below the normal 3 A cable/current limit while avoiding the narrower duty cycle and higher switching loss of 15 V or 20 V conversion.
Controller
Selected: LM5143RHAR
Flux UID: 2176be5d-4a6a-4c66-8881-03f60a39383d
Configuration notes:
  • Use one channel for SSD_3V3.
  • Configure fixed 3.3 V output if using LM5143 FB-to-VDDA option from datasheet; otherwise use adjustable feedback after final datasheet review.
  • RT resistor sets switching frequency using approximately RRT(kΩ) = 22 / FSW(MHz).
Switching Frequency and Inductor
Locked full-power first-pass choice:
  • Input: 9 V USB-PD target
  • FSW: 400 kHz class
  • Inductor: 3.3 µH shielded, high-current
  • Ripple target: about 30% of 5 A load, ~1.5 A p-p
Calculation at VIN = 9 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, FSW = 400 kHz, ΔIL = 1.5 A:

Text


L = VOUT * (VIN - VOUT) / (ΔIL * FSW * VIN)
L = 3.3 * (9 - 3.3) / (1.5 * 400 kHz * 9)
L ≈ 3.48 µH
Decision:
  • Use a standard 3.3 µH inductor as the first-pass 9 V / 400 kHz selection.
  • The earlier 2.1 MHz / 0.68 µH option is downgraded to compact-experiment status only; it is likely hotter and harder to validate thermally in an enclosure.
  • Final FSW/inductor must still be confirmed with the LM5143 calculator and thermal estimates.
Ripple estimate at VIN = 9 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, L = 3.3 µH, FSW = 400 kHz:

Text


ΔIL = VOUT / (L * FSW) * (1 - VOUT/VIN)
ΔIL ≈ 3.3 / (3.3 µH * 400 kHz) * (1 - 3.3/9)
ΔIL ≈ 1.58 A p-p
Peak inductor current at 5 A load ≈ 5.79 A
Selected Flux-available inductor: Vishay IHLP2525CZER3R3M01
Flux UID: 2869658a-95e6-47b7-b8fd-5e6eac9dbfe2
Rationale:
  • 3.3 µH shielded SMD power inductor.
  • Attachment-reported saturation current is 13.5 A, above the preferred >=8 A target.
  • Compact 6.5 mm × 6.5 mm IHLP-2525 footprint and ~3.0 mm profile.
  • Acceptable first-pass DCR class for the 5 A SSD rail, though thermal rise must still be checked.
Preferred-if-imported candidate from attachment:
  • Coilcraft XAL5030-332MEC, target 3.3 µH, attachment-reported Isat 8.7 A, Irms 8.1 A, DCR 21.2 mΩ typ / 23.3 mΩ max.
  • Flux search did not find exact XAL5030-332MEC; it returned XAL4030-332MEC (9605980b-7638-4688-bd14-758b2fa86099), which is only 6.6 A / 28.6 mΩ max and is marginal against the preferred >=8 A target. Do not substitute XAL4030 without thermal/current-margin review.
Previous selected 0.68 µH candidate is no longer the first-pass full-power inductor:
  • MHCI06030-R68M-R8, UID a719d2be-428c-4453-8f13-5c88f5bf30db
Rationale:
  • 3.3 µH gives the desired ~30% ripple current at 9 V input and 400 kHz.
  • Saturation current must exceed peak inductor current plus transient margin.
Validation required:
  • Confirm IHLP2525CZER3R3M01 actual DCR, saturation curve, RMS current, and thermal rise from the datasheet before layout.
  • If Coilcraft XAL5030-332MEC is preferred, import/create that exact component; do not use XAL4030 as a silent substitute.
MOSFETs
Preferred first-pass MOSFET for both high-side and low-side: CSD17578Q5A
Flux UID: 7119d0d2-7c83-4a91-9480-58403f3a3e79
Rationale:
  • TI NexFET N-channel MOSFET.
  • 30 V rating gives comfortable margin on a 5 V buck.
  • Low RDS(on) class, suitable for ~5 A rail.
  • Moderate gate charge for high-frequency operation.
  • Same FET high-side/low-side simplifies BOM and schematic.
Alternate lower-loss candidate:
  • SISS52DN-T1-GE3, UID aebc7117-1f7a-42cd-8325-7621ff14c6ef.
Validation required:
  • Check gate-drive compatibility, thermal loss, switching loss at ~2.1 MHz, package footprint, and final efficiency.
  • At 2.1 MHz, gate charge and switching loss may dominate; if thermal margin is poor, reduce FSW and/or choose a better FOM MOSFET.
Current Sense
LM5143 shunt current limit uses approximately 73 mV threshold. First-pass equation:

Text


RSENSE = 73 mV / (IOUT_CL + ΔIL/2)
If the desired overcurrent threshold is 6.0 A with ~1.58 A ripple:

Text


RSENSE = 0.073 / (6.0 + 0.79) ≈ 10.8 mΩ
Nearest practical selection:
  • 10 mΩ, 1%, high-power shunt
Selected shunt candidate: HoJLR2512-3W-10mR-1%
Flux UID: 2353a900-0886-4e75-b1b4-6737f693e9a3
Alternate:
  • HoYH1206-1W-10mR-1%, UID 119ae627-1412-4010-8af7-f777eaffb542
Rationale:
  • 10 mΩ gives approximate current-limit peak of 73 mV / 10 mΩ = 7.3 A.
  • Subtracting half-ripple gives ~6.5 A output-current trip estimate with the 9 V / 3.3 µH / 400 kHz design, providing margin above 5 A load.
  • 2512 / 3 W option preferred for low thermal rise and Kelvin routing margin.
Validation required:
  • Verify LM5143 current-limit tolerance, blanking/min on-time, and sense-filter requirements.
  • Kelvin-route shunt sense lines directly to CS/VOUT pins.
Output Capacitors
First-pass requirement:
  • Use low-ESR ceramic + bulk capacitance near the SSD load switch and M.2 connector.
  • Suggested starting point: 2–4 × 22 µF, 6.3 V or 10 V X7R MLCC near regulator output plus 47–100 µF polymer/bulk near SSD rail.
Validation required:
  • Account for MLCC DC-bias derating.
  • Confirm LM5143 loop stability and output ripple with actual capacitor ESR/ESL.
Loop-compensation starting point:
  • For the 400 kHz design, target crossover around 40 kHz, roughly 1/10 switching frequency.
  • Place the Type-II compensation zero near/slightly below the output filter pole and target phase margin above 60 degrees.
  • Exact COMP resistor/capacitor values must be calculated from the final LM5143 configuration, modulator gain, current-sense method, output capacitance, ESR, chosen FSW, and final 3.3 µH inductor.
UVLO / Startup
First-pass full-power behavior:
  • Configure LM5143 UVLO so SSD_3V3 remains off during initial 5 V USB-C attach/PD negotiation.
  • Set UVLO turn-on around 7.5 V so the buck starts only after the PD controller successfully negotiates 9 V.
  • Provide a reduced-power/fallback mode separately if the product must run from non-PD 5 V sources.
Locked first-pass UVLO divider using LM5143 EN thresholds from the latest validation note:

Text


VEN = VBUS * RUV2 / (RUV1 + RUV2)
Target: VEN = 2.0 V at VBUS = 7.5 V
Choose RUV2 = 20.0 kΩ
RUV1/RUV2 = (7.5 - 2.0) / 2.0 = 2.75
RUV1 = 55.0 kΩ ideal
Use RUV1 = 54.9 kΩ, RUV2 = 20.0 kΩ, 1%
Result with 54.9 kΩ / 20.0 kΩ:

Text


VBUS_START ≈ 2.0 V * (54.9 kΩ + 20.0 kΩ) / 20.0 kΩ = 7.49 V
VBUS_STOP ≈ 0.8 V * (54.9 kΩ + 20.0 kΩ) / 20.0 kΩ = 3.00 V
VBUS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN_TEXT ≈ 0.4 V * (54.9 kΩ + 20.0 kΩ) / 20.0 kΩ = 1.50 V
Decision:
  • Lock RUV1 = 54.9 kΩ top and RUV2 = 20.0 kΩ bottom as the schematic values.
  • Rising turn-on at ~7.49 V keeps the SSD buck disabled during the initial 5 V USB-C attach/PD negotiation phase.
  • Datasheet verification nuance: TI lists EN low threshold as 0.8 V and EN high threshold as 2.0 V, but the feature text also says shutdown occurs when EN is pulled below 0.4 V. Treat the 7.49 V rising enable as valid for startup gating. Treat the falling point conservatively; this divider is not a tight 9 V brownout cutoff. If the final product needs tighter 9 V input supervision, add a separate supervisor or use PD-controller power-good gating.
Validation required:
  • Confirm final part variant threshold tolerances and EN leakage in the datasheet, but the nominal divider values are locked for schematic capture as a startup-gating network.
  • Use generic 1% resistors for the UVLO divider unless exact resistor MPNs are required.
Remaining LM5143 Support Parts
First-pass schematic support parts:
  • Bootstrap diode: SS14, UID 0f92afe1-1d1f-0939-c021-d9acab32e4b2.
  • Input MLCCs: CL21B106KAYQNNE, 10 µF / 25 V / X7R / 0805, UID 1d651f64-b02e-4967-bf36-f52f1dd874f3; use at least two close to the high-side FET drain/current loop.
  • Output bulk capacitor: TCJB107M006R0055, 100 µF / 6.3 V polymer, UID a55224cd-e7ae-41dc-81d9-54296bc74189.
  • Output MLCCs: use generic 22 µF / 10 V / X7R capacitors unless an exact MPN is added; no exact Flux library part was found in the requested 0805/1206 class.
  • UVLO resistors: generic 54.9 kΩ 1% top and 20.0 kΩ 1% bottom.
Compensation network:
  • Use generic passives initially.
  • Final values must come from the LM5143 calculator after finalizing output capacitance, ESR, inductor DCR, MOSFETs, and switching frequency.
  • Latest attachment-proposed placeholders: Rc = 3.3 kΩ, Cc2 = 4.7 nF, Cc1 = 220 pF. Use these only as schematic placeholders until the LM5143 calculator confirms stability.
Flux-available capacitor candidates for placeholders:
  • Cc2 4.7 nF: GRM155R71E472KA01D, UID 6f6ec781-dbe0-4b5b-a979-a97c44b5a7de.
  • Cc1 220 pF C0G: CC0402JRNPO9BN221, UID a0b82d2a-b473-4c4e-8bed-4d0d8a82da74.
Input Capacitors
First-pass requirement:
  • Place high-frequency ceramic input capacitors directly across the high-side MOSFET/input current loop.
  • Suggested starting point: 2–4 × 10 µF, 10 V X7R MLCC plus local 0.1 µF/1 µF decoupling and a bulk capacitor on protected VBUS.
Validation required:
  • Verify USB-C VBUS inrush/current-limit behavior and input ripple current.
Layout Requirements
  • Keep high-side FET, low-side FET, inductor, input capacitors, and sense resistor tightly grouped.
  • Minimize hot-loop area: VIN cap → high-side FET → switch node → low-side FET → PGND → VIN cap.
  • Keep switch node copper compact and away from USB4/PCIe lanes and crystal.
  • Use a solid ground reference and multiple thermal vias for power components.
  • Kelvin route current-sense traces; do not share with power current path.
  • Keep compensation/feedback/sense networks away from switch node.
Open Items Before Schematic Finalization
  • Run TI LM5143 Quickstart Calculator/Webench or equivalent with exact FET/inductor/capacitor models.
  • Full-power strategy is now first-pass locked to USB-PD 9 V / 2.5 A request, with current-limited 5 V fallback still open.
  • Confirm FSW after thermal/switching-loss calculation; 400 kHz is now the first-pass full-power target.
  • Verify selected Vishay IHLP2525CZER3R3M01 or import Coilcraft XAL5030-332MEC if that exact part is preferred.
  • UVLO divider nominal values are locked at 54.9 kΩ / 20.0 kΩ; only tolerance verification remains.
  • Verify exact LM5143 channel pin wiring, bootstrap diode/cap requirements, VCC/VDDA decoupling, and compensation network.
  • Purpose

  • Design Targets

  • Critical Power Budget Note

  • Controller

  • Switching Frequency and Inductor

  • MOSFETs

  • Current Sense

  • Output Capacitors

  • UVLO / Startup

  • Remaining LM5143 Support Parts

  • Input Capacitors

  • Layout Requirements

  • Open Items Before Schematic Finalization