copilot

• A DC input source
• A current regulator (which could be a specific IC designed for current regulation)
• Connective components such as resistors and capacitors for filtering and stability
• Terminals for the output (ANODE and CATHODE, as mentioned)

Mermaid
graph TD
    DC_Input["("DC Input Source")"] -->|DC Voltage| Current_Regulator["("Current Regulator ICGeneric")"]
    Current_Regulator -->|Filtered DC| Capacitor["("Filter CapacitorGeneric")"]
    Capacitor --> Output_Terminals["("Output TerminalsCATHODE & ANODE")"]

    classDef default fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;

1. DC Input Source: This is the start of your constant current power supply. It's a DC power source whose specifications depend on your project requirements.
2. Current Regulator: A crucial component that controls the current flow to a constant value. This could be an integrated circuit specifically designed for constant current control. Since we don't have a specific part number, it's labeled as "Generic."
3. Filter Capacitor: Used to smooth out any fluctuations in the DC supply to provide a stable output. The value and specifications depend on the exact requirements of your circuit (e.g., output current, voltage, etc.).
4. Output Terminals: Your project mentions ANODE and CATHODE terminals, which are simply the points where your constant current supply's output is accessed.

copilot

• [1x] IC Amplifier Audio LM386
• [1x] Resistor 10k (R1)
• [1x] Potensiometer 10k (R2, untuk kontrol volume)
• [2x] Capacitor 10 μF, 25V (C1, C2)
• [1x] Capacitor 100 μF, 25V (C3)
• [1x] Capacitor 0.047 μF (C4)
• [1x] Kapasitor 0.1 μF (C5)
• [1x] Speaker 8 Ω
• Masukan sumber suara (mis. telepon genggam atau pemutar musik)

1. Pin 2 (inverting input) dari LM386 dihubungkan ke titik tengah potensiometer 10k (R2).
2. Pin 3 (non-inverting input) dari LM386 dihubungkan ke ground.
3. Pin 4 (ground) dari LM386 juga dihubungkan ke ground.
4. Resistor (R1) 10k Terhubung antara pin 1 dan pin 8.
5. Capacitor 10uF (C1), 100uF (C3), dan 0.047uF (C4) ditempatkan secara paralel antara pin 5 dan ground.
6. Capacitor 10uF (C2) ditempatkan antara pin 5 dan speaker, dan sisi lain dari speaker dihubungkan ke ground.
7. Capacitor 0.1uF (C5) ditempatkan antara input suara dan pin 2 dari IC.
8. Vsupply (+5V to +12V) dihubungkan ke pin 6 dan ground ke pin 4 dari IC.

copilot

1. Resistor: Para limitar la corriente a través del LED.
2. Convertidor DC-DC: Para convertir 48V DC a 12V DC.
3. LED: Para ser alimentado por nuestra fuente de 12V DC.

1. Convertidor DC-DC:
   • Un convertidor buck o step-down convertirá eficientemente 48V DC a 12V DC. Puedes usar un módulo como el LM2596 ajustable para esta tarea.
   Conexiones del convertidor DC-DC:
   • Entrada 48V DC: Conecta la entrada de 48V DC al pin de entrada del convertidor.
   • Salida 12V DC: Ajusta el convertidor para que entregue 12V DC en la salida.
2. Resistor:
   • Asumamos que el LED trabaja a 12V directos y consume una corriente de 20mA.
   • Para asegurar una corriente constante a través del LED, necesitaremos calcular el valor del resistor.
   $ R = \frac{V_{fuente} - V_{LED}}{I_{LED}} \approx \frac{12V - 12V}{20mA} = 0, \Omega $
   • En este caso, el resistor podría no ser necesario si el LED está diseñado para operar directamente a 12V.
3. LED:
   • Conecta el cátodo del LED al negativo del convertidor DC-DC y el ánodo al positivo del convertidor DC-DC.

• Fuente de 48V DC:
  • Conecta el positivo de la fuente de 48V DC a la entrada IN+ del LM2596.
  • Conecta el negativo de la fuente de 48V DC a la entrada IN- del LM2596.
• Convertidor DC-DC:
  • Conecta la salida OUT+ del LM2596 al ánodo del LED.
  • Conecta la salida OUT- del LM2596 al cátodo del LED.

• Conecta Fuente de 48V DC:Positivo a LM2596:IN+.
• Conecta Fuente de 48V DC:Negativo a LM2596:IN-.
• Conecta LM2596:OUT+ a Ánodo del LED.
• Conecta LM2596:OUT- a Cátodo del LED.

copilot

copilot

1. Hover over the CATHODE terminal to reveal its terminals, denoted by white dots.
2. Click on the white dot to begin routing mode.
3. While still in routing mode, click on the terminal (white dot) of the ANODE terminal to complete the connection.

copilot

1. Transformer to step down AC voltage.
2. Bridge Rectifier to convert AC to DC.
3. Smoothing Capacitor to reduce ripple in the DC output.
4. Adjustable Voltage Regulator such as the LM317.

1. Transformer Secondary Windings:
   • Connect one end to the AC1 input of the bridge rectifier.
   • Connect the other end to the AC2 input of the bridge rectifier.
2. Bridge Rectifier Outputs:
   • Connect DC output (+) of the bridge rectifier to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor.
   • Connect DC output (-) of the bridge rectifier to the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor.
3. Voltage Regulation with LM317:
   • Connect the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor to the Input pin (1) of the LM317.
   • Connect the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor to GND (3) of the LM317.
   • Place a resistor (R1) between Adjust pin (2) and GND (3).
   • Place a potentiometer (R2) between Output pin (2) and Adjust pin (1) of the LM317.
4. Output Terminals:
   • Connect the Output pin (2) of the LM317 to your ANODE terminal.
   • Connect the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor to your CATHODE terminal.

• Transformer:
  • Primary Windings to your AC supply (e.g., 230V AC).
  • Secondary Windings:
    • Connect to Rectifier AC inputs.
• Rectifier:
  • Connect DC output (+) to C1:1 (positive terminal).
  • Connect DC output (-) to C1:2 (negative terminal).
• Smoothing Capacitor (C1):
  • Connect (negative terminal) to LM317:GND and Rectifier DC Output (-).
  • Connect (positive terminal) to LM317:IN and Rectifier DC Output (+).
• Adjustable Voltage Regulator:
  • Connect LM317:IN to C1:(positive terminal).
  • Connect LM317:GND to C1:(negative terminal).
  • Connect a resistor (R1, e.g., 240 Ohm) across LM317:ADJ and GND.
  • Connect a potentiometer (R2, e.g., 5k Ohm) across LM317:OUT and ADJ.
• Output Terminals (from LM317):
  • Connect OUT to ANODE terminal.
  • Connect GND to CATHODE terminal.

copilot

1. A terminal identified as the Cathode (Designator: CATHODE), which is generally the negative terminal in a DC circuit
2. A terminal identified as the Anode (Designator: ANODE), which is typically the positive terminal in a DC circuit

copilot

1. Create Your First Project:
   • Go to the Flux website and sign up or log in to your account.
   • Begin a new project by selecting the option to create a new schematic or PCB layout. This will open the design editor.
2. Design Your Schematic:
   • Use the components library to find the electronic components you need for your design.
   • Drag and drop the components onto the canvas.
   • Connect the components using the wire tool to form your circuit.
3. Design Your PCB Layout:
   • Once your schematic is complete, you can switch to the PCB layout view.
   • Flux will generate an initial layout based on your schematic. You can then move and rotate the components to optimize the layout.
   • Use the trace tool to manually draw the connections between component pads or use the auto-router to automate this process.
4. Collaborate and Share:
   • Flux supports collaborative features allowing you to work with team members in real-time.
   • You can share your project with others for feedback or assistance.
5. Export and Manufacture:
   • When your design is complete, you can export the necessary files for manufacturing, such as Gerber files for the PCB fabrication.
6. Seek Help and Resources:
   • If you're new or need help along the way, Flux offers several resources:
     • Access the Help and Tutorials section for guidance[1].
     • Explore video tutorials for visual learning on specific tasks within Flux[2].
     • Join the Flux Slack community to connect with other users and get support[1].
     • Utilize live support for direct assistance with your inquiries[2].

copilot

• ANODE (P): This is a terminal designed to represent the anode connection in a circuit, which is typically where the current flows into.
• CATHODE (P): This is a second terminal that generally represents the cathode connection in a circuit or device, which is typically where current flows out of.

copilot

• Cálculo de la resistencia:
  La corriente deseada es $20 mA$ o $0.02 A$, y la caída de voltaje es $3V$, entonces: $R = \frac{V}{I} = \frac{3V}{0.02A} = 150 \Omega$

1. Añadir la fuente de alimentación:
   • Usa una fuente de $5V$. Puedes buscar en la biblioteca de componentes por una fuente de alimentación y colocarla en tu esquema.
2. Conectar la resistencia:
   • Añade una resistencia de $150\Omega$ al esquema. Puedes buscar una resistencia en la biblioteca de componentes.
3. Conectar el LED (representado por los terminales ANODE y CATHODE):
   • Aunque aquí no se especifica un componente LED como tal, estamos trabajando con terminales que representan el ánodo y el cátodo de un diodo.

• Conecta el positivo de la fuente de alimentación ($+5V$) al primer terminal de la resistencia (asumiendo R1:1).
• Conecta el segundo terminal de la resistencia (R1:2) al Ánodo (ANODE:1).
• Conecta el Cátodo (CATHODE:1) al negativo de la fuente de alimentación ($GND$).