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To read a Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal using the TCRT5000, you will need to set up a circuit that can properly detect the reflected IR light from your skin, convert it to a suitable signal, and then amplify that signal for further processing.
Here's how you can achieve this:
Component Connections:
LED Driver: Connect a current-limiting resistor to the IR emitter anode $A$ and then to a power source.
Phototransistor Output: Connect the collector $C$ of the phototransistor to a pull-up resistor and then to the power source. The emitter $E$ of the phototransistor should be connected to the ground.
Amplification: Since the signal from the phototransistor might be weak, you should amplify it using an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) in a transimpedance configuration.
Filtering: Use a band-pass filter to remove noise and focus on the specific frequency range typically associated with the PPG signal (around 0.5 Hz to 4 Hz).
Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC): Finally, use an ADC to convert the analog PPG signal to a digital signal that can be processed by a microcontroller or a signal processor.
Here are the detailed steps with connections:
Step 1: Connect the TCRT5000
IR Emitter $A$:
Connect $A$:1 to a current-limiting resistor (let’s assume 220Ω).
Connect the other end of the resistor to the power supply (Vcc, typically 5V).
Phototransistor $C$ and $E$:
Connect $C$:1 to the collector of the phototransistor.
Connect a pull-up resistor (let’s assume 10kΩ) to the collector $C$:1, and the other end of the resistor to Vcc.
Connect $E$:1 (emitter) to the ground (GND).
Step 2: Amplify the Signal
Use an Op-Amp like the LM358 or any suitable low-noise Op-Amp.
Connect the collector of the phototransistor to the inverting input (-) of the Op-Amp.
Connect a feedback resistor (let's assume 100kΩ) between the Op-Amp output and the inverting input.
The non-inverting input (+) of the Op-Amp goes to a reference voltage (GND or Vcc/2).
Step 3: Filter the Signal
Use a band-pass filter designed around your specific PPG frequency range.
For example, you can use RC filters or active filters with Op-Amps to achieve this.
Step 4: A/D Conversion
Connect the filtered signal to an ADC input pin on your microcontroller (e.g., ESP32-WROOM-32).
Ensure proper grounding and power supply connections.
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Passive Components
Resistor Power Rating
Beta
Checks that the power traveling across a given resistor is under its rating with 50% headroom.