Membuat Alat Tester Kompresor dan Dinamo BLDC

flux

Untuk membuat alat tester kompresor inverter dan dinamo BLDC, arsitektur dasarnya seperti ini:
  1. Sumber daya DC
    • Gunakan supply DC sesuai target motor/kompresor, misalnya 24 V, 48 V, 310 VDC, atau sesuai spesifikasi unit.
    • Untuk kompresor inverter AC rumah tangga, biasanya butuh tegangan DC tinggi dari hasil penyearah AC, jadi ini berbahaya dan perlu isolasi/proteksi serius.
  2. Driver 3-fasa
    • Gunakan inverter 3-fasa berbasis 6 MOSFET/IGBT.
    • Untuk motor kecil BLDC, bisa memakai driver siap pakai seperti ESC BLDC atau modul driver 3-fasa.
    • Untuk kompresor inverter, driver harus disesuaikan dengan tegangan dan arus kompresor.
  3. Kontroler
    • Gunakan mikrokontroler seperti STM32, ESP32, atau Arduino-compatible board.
    • Kontroler menghasilkan sinyal PWM 3-fasa untuk mengatur kecepatan motor.
    • Untuk BLDC sensored, baca sensor Hall.
    • Untuk BLDC sensorless/kompresor, perlu deteksi back-EMF atau algoritma FOC/sensorless control.
  4. Sensor arus dan tegangan
    • Tambahkan sensor arus pada input DC atau masing-masing fasa.
    • Tambahkan pembacaan tegangan bus DC.
    • Ini penting untuk proteksi over-current, short, stall, dan beban berlebih.
  5. Proteksi
    • Fuse/MCB.
    • Proteksi over-current.
    • Proteksi over-voltage/under-voltage.
    • Proteksi suhu heatsink.
    • Emergency stop.
    • Isolasi optocoupler/digital isolator untuk sinyal kontrol jika memakai tegangan tinggi.
  6. Antarmuka pengguna
    • Potensiometer atau tombol untuk mengatur speed.
    • Display kecil untuk menampilkan tegangan, arus, RPM, error.
    • LED indikator fault/run.
Untuk pemula, saya sarankan mulai dari tester BLDC tegangan rendah 12–48 V dulu, bukan langsung kompresor inverter tegangan tinggi. Rancangan aman awal:
  • Input: 12–48 VDC
  • Driver: modul ESC/driver BLDC 3-fasa sesuai arus motor
  • Kontrol: Arduino/ESP32 menghasilkan sinyal throttle PWM
  • Sensor: sensor arus ACS758/INA226
  • Output: konektor U/V/W ke motor BLDC
  • Proteksi: fuse input, tombol emergency stop, TVS diode, kapasitor bulk
Untuk kompresor inverter kulkas/AC, alat tester universal jauh lebih kompleks karena tiap kompresor bisa beda:
  • Tegangan kerja
  • Arus start/run
  • Metode kontrol
  • Jumlah pole motor
  • Sensorless/sensored
  • Proteksi internal
  • Parameter start-up
Jadi pendekatan paling aman adalah membuat tester bertahap:
Tahap 1 — Tester BLDC low-voltage
  • Untuk dinamo BLDC 12–48 V.
  • Cocok belajar prinsip 3-fasa, PWM, proteksi arus.
Tahap 2 — Tester BLDC semi-profesional
  • Tambah display, pengukuran arus/tegangan/RPM, logging error.
Tahap 3 — Tester kompresor inverter
  • Menggunakan inverter 3-fasa high-voltage dengan isolasi, gate driver, proteksi arus cepat, pre-charge, dan enclosure tertutup.
Jika ingin saya bantu desain PCB-nya nanti, spesifikasi yang perlu ditentukan adalah:
  • Jenis yang ingin dites: BLDC 12/24/48 V atau kompresor inverter AC?
  • Tegangan input yang tersedia.
  • Arus maksimum motor/kompresor.
  • Mau pakai modul driver jadi atau desain inverter 3-fasa sendiri.
  • Perlu display atau cukup tombol/potensiometer.
  • Level keamanan: eksperimen meja kerja atau alat servis lapangan.
Mulai BLDC low-voltage
Blok diagram BLDC
Cari komponen 48V 10A
Pakai ESP32 OLED
Koneksi skematik dasar
No schematic yet

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